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A cell during anaphase. Microtubules are visible in green. Stages of late M phase in a vertebrate cell. Anaphase (from Ancient Greek ἀνα-() 'back, backward' and φάσις (phásis) 'appearance') is the stage of mitosis after the process of metaphase, when replicated chromosomes are split and the newly-copied chromosomes (daughter chromatids) are moved to opposite poles of the cell.
The cell division cycle protein 20 homolog is an essential regulator of cell division that is encoded by the CDC20 gene [5] [6] in humans. To the best of current knowledge its most important function is to activate the anaphase promoting complex (APC/C), a large 11-13 subunit complex that initiates chromatid separation and entrance into anaphase .
In a diploid cell there are two sets of homologous chromosomes of different parental origin (e.g. a paternal and a maternal set). During the phase of meiosis labeled “interphase s” in the meiosis diagram there is a round of DNA replication, so that each of the chromosomes initially present is now composed of two copies called chromatids .
Three types of cell division: binary fission (taking place in prokaryotes), mitosis and meiosis (taking place in eukaryotes).. When cells are ready to divide, because cell size is big enough or because they receive the appropriate stimulus, [20] they activate the mechanism to enter into the cell cycle, and they duplicate most organelles during S (synthesis) phase, including their centrosome.
Anaphase-promoting complex (also called the cyclosome or APC/C) is an E3 ubiquitin ligase that marks target cell cycle proteins for degradation by the 26S proteasome. The APC/C is a large complex of 11–13 subunit proteins , including a cullin ( Apc2 ) and RING ( Apc11 ) subunit much like SCF .
The eukaryotic cell cycle consists of four distinct phases: G 1 phase, S phase (synthesis), G 2 phase (collectively known as interphase) and M phase (mitosis and cytokinesis). M phase is itself composed of two tightly coupled processes: mitosis, in which the cell's nucleus divides, and cytokinesis, in which the cell's cytoplasm and cell membrane divides forming two daughter cells.
Securin is a protein involved in control of the metaphase-anaphase transition and anaphase onset. Following bi-orientation of chromosome pairs and inactivation of the spindle checkpoint system, the underlying regulatory system, which includes securin, produces an abrupt stimulus that induces highly synchronous chromosome separation in anaphase.
9700 105988 Ensembl ENSG00000135476 ENSMUSG00000058290 UniProt Q14674 P60330 RefSeq (mRNA) NM_012291 NM_001014976 NM_001356312 RefSeq (protein) NP_036423 NP_001014976 NP_001343241 Location (UCSC) Chr 12: 53.27 – 53.29 Mb Chr 15: 102.2 – 102.23 Mb PubMed search Wikidata View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse Separase, also known as separin, is a cysteine protease responsible for triggering ...