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The separation is based on the differential partitioning between the mobile and the stationary phases. Subtle differences in a compound's partition coefficient result in differential retention on the stationary phase and thus affect the separation. [1] Chromatography may be preparative or analytical.
For example, the blood/gas partition coefficient of a general anesthetic measures how easily the anesthetic passes from gas to blood. [5] Partition coefficients can also be defined when one of the phases is solid , for instance, when one phase is a molten metal and the second is a solid metal, [ 6 ] or when both phases are solids. [ 7 ]
Ion-exchange chromatography (IEC) or ion chromatography (IC) [32] is an analytical technique for the separation and determination of ionic solutes in aqueous samples from environmental and industrial origins such as metal industry, industrial waste water, in biological systems, pharmaceutical samples, food, etc. Retention is based on the ...
The 3 factors are not completely independent, but they are very close, and can be treated as such. So what does this mean? It means that to increase resolution of two peaks on a chromatogram, one of the three terms of the equation need to be modified.
The factors affecting the retention and separation of solutes in the reversed phase chromatographic system are as follows: a. The chemical nature of the stationary phase, i.e., the ligands bonded on its surface, as well as their bonding density, namely the extent of their coverage. b. The composition of the mobile phase. Type of the bulk ...
Thin-layer chromatography (TLC) is a chromatography technique that separates components in non-volatile mixtures. [ 1 ] It is performed on a TLC plate made up of a non-reactive solid coated with a thin layer of adsorbent material. [ 2 ]
Liquid chromatography (LC) is a method that in some ways is more powerful than GC, but can be coupled to mass spectrometry just as easily. In LC, the concerns involving sample preparation can be minimal. In LC, both the stationary and mobile phase can affect the separation, whereas in GC only the stationary phase should be influential.
Centrifugal partition chromatography does not use any solid stationary phase, so it guarantees a cost-effective separation for the highest industrial levels. As opposed to countercurrent chromatography, it is possible to get very high flow rates (for example 10 liters / min) with active stationary phase ratio of >80%, which guarantees good ...