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The World Economic Forum's Global Gender Gap Report 2024 ranked Saudi Arabia as number 126 out of 146 countries, exceeding countries such as Turkey and Lebanon. [21] However, in the World Bank's 2021 Women, Business, and the Law index, Saudi Arabia scored 80 out of 100, an above-average global score.
Other Muslim-majority states with notably more women university students than men include Kuwait, where 41% of females attend university compared with 18% of males; [149] Bahrain, where the ratio of women to men in tertiary education is 2.18:1; [149] Brunei Darussalam, where 33% of women enroll at university vis à vis 18% of men; [149] Tunisia ...
The issue of women's rights is also the subject of fierce debate. [1] When the United Nations adopted the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) in 1948, Saudi Arabia refused to sign it as they were of the view that sharia law had already set out the rights of men and women, [1] and that to sign the UDHR would be unnecessary. [2]
The culture of education for women was established by the time of the revolution so that even after the revolution, large numbers of women entered civil service and higher education, [51] After the 1989 Iranian constitutional referendum, changes resulted in an improvement in the lives and opportunities of women. [52]
Some, like activist Bano, 49, celebrate the new provisions as the overdue assertion of secular law over parallel sharia rulings on marriage, divorce, inheritance, adoption and succession.
In 2015, a group of Muslim activists, politicians, and writers issued a Declaration of Reform which, among other things, supports women's rights and states in part, "We support equal rights for women, including equal rights to inheritance, witness, work, mobility, personal law, education, and employment.
Under Sharia Law, women are not allowed to move around in public space unless they are in the company of a male relative. In general, they are only allowed to leave their house for urgent matters ...
The caning of women is banned under civil law, but allowed under Islamic laws in some states. Amnesty International said the caning marked "an appalling day" for human rights in Malaysia.