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At a stable angle of heel (for a sailboat) and a steady speed, aerodynamic and hydrodynamic forces are in balance. Integrated over the sailing craft, the total aerodynamic force (FT) is located at the centre of effort (CE), which is a function of the design and adjustment of the sails on a sailing craft.
Rotor ship E-Ship 1. A rotor ship is a type of ship designed to use the Magnus effect for propulsion. The ship is propelled, at least in part, by large powered vertical rotors, sometimes known as rotor sails. German engineer Anton Flettner was the first to build a ship that attempted to tap this force for propulsion, and ships using his type of ...
Flettner rotor. A Flettner rotor is a smooth cylinder with disc end plates which is spun along its long axis and, as air passes at right angles across it, the Magnus effect causes an aerodynamic force to be generated in the direction perpendicular to both the long axis and the direction of airflow. [1] The rotor sail is named after the German ...
Helm force (rotation about the vertical axis) Hull drag (rotation about the horizontal axis amidships [citation needed]) Each is a reaction to forces on sails and is achieved either by weight distribution or by management of the center of force of the underwater foils (keel, daggerboard, etc.), compared with the center of force on the sails.
A yaw motion is a side-to side movement of the bow and stern of the ship. The transverse/Y axis, lateral axis, or pitch axis is an imaginary line running horizontally across the ship and through the centre of mass. A pitch motion is an up-or-down movement of the bow and stern of the ship. The longitudinal/X axis, or roll axis, is an imaginary ...
Marine propulsion. Rolls-Royce Marine Spey, a gas turbine developed by Rolls-Royce Holdings in the 1960s for marine propulsion. Marine propulsion is the mechanism or system used to generate thrust to move a watercraft through water. While paddles and sails are still used on some smaller boats, most modern ships are propelled by mechanical ...
The capstan equation[ 1 ] or belt friction equation, also known as Euler–Eytelwein formula[ 2 ] (after Leonhard Euler and Johann Albert Eytelwein), [ 3 ] relates the hold-force to the load-force if a flexible line is wound around a cylinder (a bollard, a winch or a capstan). [ 4 ][ 1 ] It also applies for fractions of one turn as occur with ...
Sail components include the features that define a sail 's shape and function, plus its constituent parts from which it is manufactured. A sail may be classified in a variety of ways, including by its orientation to the vessel (e.g. fore-and-aft) and its shape, (e.g. (a)symmetrical, triangular, quadrilateral, etc.).