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  2. Lists of countries by mineral production - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lists_of_countries_by...

    Metal Largest producer Second largest producer Complete list Aluminium [6] China India List of countries by aluminium production: Bauxite [7] Australia Guinea List of countries by bauxite production

  3. Bauxite - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bauxite

    Bauxite is the main source of the rare metal gallium. [17] During the processing of bauxite to alumina in the Bayer process, gallium accumulates in the sodium hydroxide liquor. From this it can be extracted by a variety of methods. The most recent is the use of ion-exchange resin. [18]

  4. Gallium - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gallium

    Gallium is a chemical element; it has the symbol Ga and atomic number 31. Discovered by the French chemist Paul-Émile Lecoq de Boisbaudran in 1875, [13] gallium is in group 13 of the periodic table and is similar to the other metals of the group (aluminium, indium, and thallium).

  5. Deposition (geology) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deposition_(geology)

    Deposits of loess from subsequent glacial periods have in filled volcanic fissures over millennia, [7] resulting in volcanic basalt and loess as the main sediment types available for deposition in Akaroa Harbour Figure 2. Map of Akaroa Harbour showing a fining of sediments with increased bathymetry toward the central axis of the harbour.

  6. Glossary of geology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_geology

    Also called Indianite. A mineral from the lime-rich end of the plagioclase group of minerals. Anorthites are usually silicates of calcium and aluminium occurring in some basic igneous rocks, typically those produced by the contact metamorphism of impure calcareous sediments. anticline An arched fold in which the layers usually dip away from the fold axis. Contrast syncline. aphanic Having the ...

  7. Geology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geology

    Solidified lava flow in Hawaii Sedimentary layers in Badlands National Park, South Dakota Metamorphic rock, Nunavut, Canada. Geology (from Ancient Greek γῆ (gê) 'earth' and λoγία () 'study of, discourse') [1] [2] is a branch of natural science concerned with the Earth and other astronomical objects, the rocks of which they are composed, and the processes by which they change over time. [3]

  8. Abundance of elements in Earth's crust - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abundance_of_elements_in...

    World Book Encyclopedia, Exploring Earth. HyperPhysics, Georgia State University, Abundance of Elements in Earth's Crust. Eric Scerri, The Periodic Table, Its Story and Its Significance, Oxford University Press, 2007 "EarthRef.org Digital Archive (ERDA) -- Major Element Composition of the Core vs the Bulk Earth". earthref.org

  9. Placer mining - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Placer_mining

    Placer mining is frequently used for precious metal deposits (particularly gold) and gemstones, both of which are often found in alluvial depositsdeposits of sand and gravel in modern or ancient stream beds, or occasionally glacial deposits. The metal or gemstones, having been moved by stream flow from an original source such as a vein, are ...