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In medicine, a contraindication is a condition (a situation or factor) that serves as a reason not to take a certain medical treatment due to the harm that it would cause the patient. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Contraindication is the opposite of indication , which is a reason to use a certain treatment.
Dependence arises in a dose-dependent manner and produces withdrawal symptoms that vary with the type of drug that is consumed. For example, prolonged use of an antidepressant medication is likely to cause a rather different reaction when discontinued compared to discontinuation of an opioid, such as heroin. Withdrawal symptoms from opiates ...
Neuropsychiatric reaction. [3] Dilevalol: 1990 UK Hepatotoxicity. [3] Dimazole (Diamthazole) 1972 France, US Neuropsychiatric reaction. [3] Dimethylamylamine (DMAA) 1983 US Voluntarily withdrawn from market by Lily. [17]: 12 Reintroduced as a dietary supplement in 2006; [17]: 13 in 2013 the FDA started work to ban it due to cardiovascular ...
For example, a patient could possess a genetic defect in a drug metabolizing enzyme in the cytochrome P450 superfamily. While most individuals will possess the effective metabolizing machinery, a person with a defect will have a difficult time trying to clear the drug from their system. Thus, the drug will accumulate within the blood to higher ...
These hypersensitivity reactions differ from the other adverse reactions listed here which are toxicity reactions, i.e. unwanted reactions that result from the pharmacological action of a drug, are dose-related, and can occur in any treated individual; hypersensitivity reactions are idiosyncratic reactions to a drug. [98]
The classification organizes the hypersensitivity reactions to NSAIDs into the following five categories: NSAIDs-exacerbated respiratory disease (NERD) is an acute (immediate to several hours) exacerbation of bronchoconstriction and other symptoms of asthma in individuals with a history of asthma and/or nasal congestion, rhinorrhea or other symptoms of rhinitis and sinusitis in individuals ...
Aspirin is also used long-term to help prevent further heart attacks, ischaemic strokes, and blood clots in people at high risk. [10] For pain or fever, effects typically begin within 30 minutes. [10] Aspirin works similarly to other NSAIDs but also suppresses the normal functioning of platelets. [10] One common adverse effect is an upset ...
Lysine acetylsalicylate is generally unstable in a basic medium, readily undergoing a multi-step hydrolysis reaction that is catalyzed by the presence of negatively charged hydroxide ions. [citation needed] The primary target of the hydrolysis reaction is the ester group, dissociating into a carboxylic acid and aromatic alcohol. [citation needed]