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The Kazakh famine of 1930–1933, also known as the Asharshylyk, [a] was a famine during which approximately 1.5 million people died in the Kazakh Autonomous Socialist Soviet Republic, then part of the Russian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic in the Soviet Union, of whom 1.3 million were ethnic Kazakhs. [4]
The Soviet famine of 1930–1933 was a famine in the major grain-producing areas of the Soviet Union, including Ukraine and different parts of Russia, including Kazakhstan, [6] [7] [8] Northern Caucasus, Kuban Region, Volga Region, the South Urals, and West Siberia.
The most significant factors that shaped the ethnic composition of the population of Kazakhstan were the 1920s and 1930s famines. According to different estimates of the effects of the Kazakh famine of 1930–1933, up to 40% of Kazakhs (indigenous ethnic group) either died of starvation or fled the territory. [11]
The ARA's famine relief operations ran in parallel with much smaller Mennonite, Jewish and Quaker famine relief operations in Russia. [ 17 ] [ 18 ] The ARA's operations in Russia were shut down on June 15, 1923, after it was discovered that the Soviet Union clandestinely renewed the export of grain to Europe.
Some historians and scholars consider that this famine amounted to genocide of the Kazakhs. [20] The Soviet authorities undertook a campaign of persecution against the nomads in the Kazakhs, believing that the destruction of the class was a worthy sacrifice for the collectivization of Kazakhstan.
1930–1934: First Kere: Madagascar: 500,000: 1932–1933: Soviet famine of 1932–1933, including famine in Ukraine, and famine in Kazakhstan, ...
After recognition of the famine situation in Ukraine during the drought and poor harvests, the Soviet government in Moscow continued to export grain rather than retain its crop to feed the people, [106] though at a lower rate than in previous years. [107] In 1930–31, there had been 5,832,000 metric tons of grains exported.
The famine and drought were so severe in the region that it also affected other countries such as Romania. [5]: 626 [6] In Ukraine, at least four million peasants died. [2]: 107 In Kazakhstan, during the Kazakh famine of 1930–1933 over estimated 1.5-2.3 million out of about 4 million Kazakh population died. In addition 660,000 to 1 million ...