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  2. Ternary conditional operator - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ternary_conditional_operator

    The detailed semantics of "the" ternary operator as well as its syntax differs significantly from language to language. A top level distinction from one language to another is whether the expressions permit side effects (as in most procedural languages) and whether the language provides short-circuit evaluation semantics, whereby only the selected expression is evaluated (most standard ...

  3. Off-by-one error - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Off-by-one_error

    Off-by-one errors are common in using the C library because it is not consistent with respect to whether one needs to subtract 1 byte – functions like fgets() and strncpy will never write past the length given them (fgets() subtracts 1 itself, and only retrieves (length − 1) bytes), whereas others, like strncat will write past the length given them.

  4. Comparison of programming languages (array) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison_of_programming...

    The following list contains syntax examples of how a range of element of an array can be accessed. In the following table: first – the index of the first element in the slice

  5. Graceful exit - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graceful_exit

    try {// Try to read the file "file.txt" Scanner sc = new Scanner (new File ("file.txt")); while (sc. hasNextLine ()) System. out. println (sc. readLine ()); sc. close ...

  6. Null coalescing operator - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Null_coalescing_operator

    The null coalescing operator is a binary operator that is part of the syntax for a basic conditional expression in several programming languages, such as (in alphabetical order): C# [1] since version 2.0, [2] Dart [3] since version 1.12.0, [4] PHP since version 7.0.0, [5] Perl since version 5.10 as logical defined-or, [6] PowerShell since 7.0.0, [7] and Swift [8] as nil-coalescing operator.

  7. Exception handling syntax - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exception_handling_syntax

    C does not provide direct support to exception handling: it is the programmer's responsibility to prevent errors in the first place and test return values from the functions.

  8. Exit status - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exit_status

    On Unix-like systems these are equal to 0 and 1 respectively. [3] A C program may also use the exit() function specifying the integer status or exit macro as the first parameter. The return value from main is passed to the exit function, which for values zero, EXIT_SUCCESS or EXIT_FAILURE may translate it to "an implementation defined form" of ...

  9. Bounds checking - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bounds_checking

    In computer programming, bounds checking is any method of detecting whether a variable is within some bounds before it is used. It is usually used to ensure that a number fits into a given type (range checking), or that a variable being used as an array index is within the bounds of the array (index checking).