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In other words, zeta potential is the potential difference between the dispersion medium and the stationary layer of fluid attached to the dispersed particle. The zeta potential is caused by the net electrical charge contained within the region bounded by the slipping plane, and also depends on the location of that plane. Thus, it is widely ...
DLVO theory is a theory of colloidal dispersion stability in which zeta potential is used to explain that as two particles approach one another their ionic atmospheres begin to overlap and a repulsion force is developed. [1]
where ε r is the dielectric constant of the dispersion medium, ε 0 is the permittivity of free space (C 2 N −1 m −2), η is dynamic viscosity of the dispersion medium (Pa s), and ζ is zeta potential (i.e., the electrokinetic potential of the slipping plane in the double layer, units mV or V).
Usually zeta potential is used for estimating the degree of DL charge. A characteristic value of this electric potential in the DL is 25 mV with a maximum value around 100 mV (up to several volts on electrodes [22] [27]). The chemical composition of the sample at which the ζ-potential is 0 is called the point of zero charge or the iso-electric ...
Smoluchowski's sedimentation potential is defined where ε 0 is the permitivity of free space, D the dimensionless dielectric constant, ξ the zeta potential, g the acceleration due to gravity, Φ the particle volume fraction, ρ the particle density, ρ o the medium density, λ the specific volume conductivity, and η the viscosity. [8]
Phase-analysis light scattering (PALS) is a method for evaluating zeta potential, in which the rate of phase change of the interference between light scattered by the sample and the modulated reference beam is analyzed. This rate is compared with a mathematically generated sine wave predetermined by the modulator frequency. [4]
Zeta potential is a calculated rather than measured property, and is a function of both the nanoparticle of interest and its surrounding medium, requiring a description of the measurement temperature; the composition, pH, viscosity, and dielectric constant of the medium; and value used for the Henry function to be meaningful.
According to Gauss’s law, a conductor at equilibrium carrying an applied current has no charge on its interior.Instead, the entirety of the charge of the conductor resides on the surface, and can be expressed by the equation: = where E is the electric field caused by the charge on the conductor and is the permittivity of the free space.