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Map of Europe showing current monarchies (red) and republics (blue) In the European history , monarchy was the prevalent form of government throughout the Middle Ages , only occasionally competing with communalism , notably in the case of the maritime republics and the Swiss Confederacy .
This is a list of current monarchies. As of 2025, there are 43 sovereign states in the world with a monarch as head of state . There are 13 in Asia, 12 in Europe, 9 in the Americas, 6 in Oceania, and 3 in Africa.
Most states only have a single monarch at any given time, although a regent may rule when the monarch is a minor, not present, or otherwise incapable of ruling. [5] Cases in which two monarchs rule simultaneously over a single state, as is the current situation in Andorra, are known as coregencies. [6]
Monarchy abolished: 1 March 1921 [12] Portugal: Manuel II: King of Portugal and the Algarves: 15 November 1889 1 February 1908 5 October 1910 Monarchy abolished: 2 July 1932 [13] Romania: Michael I: King of Romania: 25 October 1921 6 September 1940 30 December 1947 Monarchy abolished: 5 December 2017 [14] Russia: Nicholas II: Emperor and ...
List of monarchs may refer to: List of current sovereign monarchs; List of current constituent monarchs; List of monarchs by nickname; List of fictional monarchs; List of longest-reigning monarchs; A king list, used as an early form of periodisation
This is a list of kingdoms and royal dynasties, organized by geographic region. Note: many countries have had multiple dynasties over the course of recorded history. This is not a comprehensively exhaustive list and may require further additions or historical verification.
Tsar Ferdinand I abdicated in 1918 in favour of his son Tsar Boris III, following World War I.; Tsar Simeon II never abdicated but was exiled by the Bulgarian government following a national referendum in 1946 after which Bulgaria became a People's Republic.
This is a list of former monarchies, i.e. monarchies which once existed but have since been abolished. (Note: entries in bold refer to groups of kingdoms) Ancient Near East