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English: Diagram of alkaline Mucous layer in stomach with mucosal defense mechanisms Polski: Schemat budowy błony śluzowej żołądka z uwzględnieniem mechanizmów bariery śluzowo-alkalicznej 日本語: 粘膜防御機構を備えた胃の塩基性粘液層の図
Image of the mucosa of the stomach, showing an epithelium (at top, and also facing the elongated cavities) made up of column-shaped cells. The epithelial lining of the mucosa, differs along the gastrointestinal tract. [1]
Diagram of the alkaline mucous layer in the stomach with mucosal defense mechanisms. The gastric mucosa is the mucous membrane layer of the stomach, which contains the gastric pits, to which the gastric glands empty. In humans, it is about one mm thick, and its surface is smooth, soft, and velvety.
English: Diagram showing the Stomach mucosal layer protecting the epithelial cell layer from the gastric juices. Bicarbonate is pumped from the capillaries by the epithelial layer and into the mucosal layer to neutralise the high acidity there.
It is the innermost layer of the stomach. [5] It is affected by the hormone histamine, which signals it to release hydrochloric acid (HCl). Sub-mucosal layer – This layer consists of different vessels and nerves, ganglion neurons, and adipose tissue. It is the second layer of the stomach and supports the mucosa. [6]
The gastric mucosal barrier is the property of the stomach that allows it to safely contain the gastric acid required for digestion. If the barrier is broken, as by acetylsalicylic acid (ASA, aspirin) in acid solution, acid diffuses back into the mucosa where it can cause damage to the stomach itself.
Pepsin is a protease that can digest and damage stomach cells. To prevent these disastrous effects, mucus and bicarbonate ions (HCO 3 −) are secreted by the foveolar cells. The mucus allows the acid at pH above 4 to penetrate lining, but below pH 4 (i.e. when acid is more concentrated) the acid cannot penetrate the mucus.
The inner part of the stomach wall is the gastric mucosa a mucous membrane that forms the lining of the stomach. the membrane consists of an outer layer of columnar epithelium, a lamina propria, and a thin layer of smooth muscle called the muscularis mucosa. Beneath the mucosa lies the submucosa, consisting of fibrous connective tissue. [17]