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The Farnsworth–Munsell 100 Hue Color Vision test is a color vision test often used to test for color blindness.The system was developed by Dean Farnsworth in the 1940s and it tests the ability to isolate and arrange minute differences in various color targets with constant value and chroma that cover all the visual hues described by the Munsell color system. [1]
An Ishihara test image as seen by subjects with normal color vision and by those with a variety of color deficiencies. A pseudoisochromatic plate (from Greek pseudo, meaning "false", iso, meaning "same" and chromo, meaning "color"), often abbreviated as PIP, is a style of standard exemplified by the Ishihara test, generally used for screening of color vision defects.
In colorimetry, the Munsell color system is a color space that specifies colors based on three properties of color: hue (basic color), value , and chroma (color intensity). It was created by Albert H. Munsell in the first decade of the 20th century and adopted by the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) as the official color system ...
The Farnsworth–Munsell 100 hue test is very sensitive, but the Farnsworth D-15 is a simplified version used specifically for screening for CVD. In either case, the subject is asked to arrange a set of colored caps or chips to form a gradual transition of color between two anchor caps.
Color analysis can be conducted by-eye, usually matching specimen color with reference charts. This methodology has been used extensively in soil analysis, often using the Munsell color system as the reference. [1] [2] While this is a traditionally used method, it is considerably subjective, relying on the ability of the naked eye to match colors.
Another influential older cylindrical color model is the early-20th-century Munsell color system. Albert Munsell began with a spherical arrangement in his 1905 book A Color Notation, but he wished to properly separate color-making attributes into separate dimensions, which he called hue, value, and chroma, and after taking careful measurements ...
Unique hue is a term used in perceptual psychology of color vision and generally applied to the purest hues of blue, green, yellow and red. The proponents of the opponent process theory believe that these hues cannot be described as a mixture of other hues, and are therefore pure, whereas all other hues are composite. [ 1 ]
As specified in CIE (1995), the original test color samples (TCS) are taken from an early edition of the Munsell Atlas. The first eight samples, a subset of the eighteen proposed in Nickerson (1960) , are relatively low saturated colors and are evenly distributed over the complete range of hues. [ 17 ]