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In computer science, a for-loop or for loop is a control flow statement for specifying iteration. Specifically, a for-loop functions by running a section of code repeatedly until a certain condition has been satisfied. For-loops have two parts: a header and a body. The header defines the iteration and the body is the code executed once per ...
A loop invariant is an assertion which must be true before the first loop iteration and remain true after each iteration. This implies that when a loop terminates correctly, both the exit condition and the loop invariant are satisfied. Loop invariants are used to monitor specific properties of a loop during successive iterations.
PHP has hundreds of base functions and thousands more from extensions. Prior to PHP version 5.3.0, functions are not first-class functions and can only be referenced by their name, whereas PHP 5.3.0 introduces closures. [35] User-defined functions can be created at any time and without being prototyped. [35]
Infinite loops can be implemented using various control flow constructs. Most commonly, in unstructured programming this is jump back up , while in structured programming this is an indefinite loop (while loop) set to never end, either by omitting the condition or explicitly setting it to true, as while (true) ....
A conditional loop has the potential to become an infinite loop when nothing in the loop's body can affect the outcome of the loop's conditional statement. However, infinite loops can sometimes be used purposely, often with an exit from the loop built into the loop implementation for every computer language , but many share the same basic ...
Do while loops check the condition after the block of code is executed. This control structure can be known as a post-test loop. This means the do-while loop is an exit-condition loop. However a while loop will test the condition before the code within the block is executed.
McCabe showed that the cyclomatic complexity of a structured program with only one entry point and one exit point is equal to the number of decision points ("if" statements or conditional loops) contained in that program plus one. This is true only for decision points counted at the lowest, machine-level instructions. [4]
The most common deviation from structured programming is early exit from a function or loop. At the level of functions, this is a return statement. At the level of loops, this is a break statement (terminate the loop) or continue statement (terminate the current iteration, proceed with next iteration). In structured programming, these can be ...