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Taking the cue, state legislatures convene, order a comprehensive audit/investigation of the election returns in their states, and then determine whether the slate of electors initially certified is valid, or whether the alternative slate of electors should be certified by the legislature, exercise authority it has directly from Article II and ...
The Tideman Alternative method, also called [by whom? ] Alternative - Smith voting , is a voting rule developed by Nicolaus Tideman which selects a single winner using ranked ballots . This method is Smith -efficient, making it a kind of Condorcet method , and uses the alternative vote ( RCV ) to resolve any cyclic ties .
Data from real elections can be analysed to compare the effects of different systems, either by comparing between countries or by applying alternative electoral systems to the real election data. The electoral outcomes can be compared through democracy indices , measures of political fragmentation , voter turnout , [ 21 ] [ 22 ] political ...
There are two commonly-used quotas: the Hare and Droop quotas.The Hare quota is unbiased in the number of seats it hands out, and so is more proportional than the Droop quota (which tends to be biased towards larger parties); [2] [3] however, the Droop quota guarantees that a party that wins a majority of votes in a district will win a majority of the seats in the district.
When using the Hare quota, this rule is called Hamilton's method, and is the third-most common apportionment rule worldwide (after Jefferson's method and Webster's method). [ 1 ] Despite their intuitive definition, quota methods are generally disfavored by social choice theorists as a result of apportionment paradoxes .
Instant-runoff voting (IRV; US: ranked-choice voting (RCV), AU: preferential voting, UK/NZ: alternative vote) is a single-winner, multi-round elimination rule that uses ranked voting to simulate a series of runoff elections. In each round, the candidate with the fewest first-preferences (among the remaining candidates) is eliminated. This ...
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Systems that guarantee the election of a Condorcet winners (when one exists) include Ranked Pairs, Schulze's method, and the Tideman alternative method. Methods that do not guarantee that the Cordorcet winner will be elected, even when one does exist, include instant-runoff voting (often called ranked-choice in the United States ), First-past ...