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Bottle fermentation is a method of sparkling wine production, originating in the Champagne region where after the cuvee has gone through a primary yeast fermentation the wine is then bottled and goes through a secondary fermentation where sugar and additional yeast known as liqueur de tirage is added to the wine. This secondary fermentation is ...
This secondary fermentation, also known as bottle fermentation, is the process that makes the wine "bubbly" due to the containment of carbon dioxide which is normally released as a by product in regular fermentation. In still wine production, particularly of red wines [2] and some white wines like Chardonnay, the secondary fermentation process ...
The primary role of yeast is to convert the sugars present (namely glucose) in the grape must into alcohol.The yeast accomplishes this by utilizing glucose through a series of metabolic pathways that, in the presence of oxygen, produces not only large amounts of energy for the cell but also many different intermediates that the cell needs to function.
The duration of fermentation affects the quality; longer fermentation preserves the wine's aromas better and gives finer and more durable bubbles. [18] This production method is widely used in the U.S., in Italy, especially in the Asti province, and in Prosecco wines, and in Germany to produce variants of Sekt such as Henkell Trocken. Charmat ...
Chaptalization is the process of adding sugar to unfermented grape must in order to increase the alcohol content after fermentation. The technique is named after its developer, the French chemist Jean-Antoine-Claude Chaptal. [1] This process is not intended to make the wine sweeter, but rather to provide more sugar for the yeast to ferment into ...
Carbonic maceration is a winemaking technique, often associated with the French wine region of Beaujolais, in which whole grapes are fermented in a carbon dioxide rich environment before crushing. Conventional alcoholic fermentation involves crushing the grapes to free the juice and pulp from the skin with yeast serving to convert sugar into ...
Yeast need a reliable source of nitrogen in forms that they can assimilate in order to successfully complete fermentation. Yeast assimilable nitrogen or YAN is the combination of free amino nitrogen (FAN), ammonia (NH 3) and ammonium (NH 4 +) that is available for a yeast, e.g. the wine yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, to use during fermentation.
French for "yellow wine", a wine fermented and matured under a yeast film that protects it, similar to the flor in Sherry production. Vinimatic An enclosed fermentation tank with rotating blades that operates similar to a cement mixer with the propose of maximizing extraction during maceration and minimizing the potential for oxidation .