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Massive hemoptysis, defined as loss of over 600 mL of blood in 24 hours, is a medical emergency and should be addressed with initiation of intravenous fluids and examination with rigid bronchoscopy. The larger lumen of the rigid bronchoscope (versus the narrow lumen of the flexible bronchoscope) allows for therapeutic approaches such as ...
Stridor a high-pitched musical breath sound resulting from turbulent air flow in the larynx or lower in the bronchial tree. [23] It is not to be confused with stertor . Causes are typically obstructive, including foreign bodies, croup , epiglottitis , tumours, infection and anaphylaxis .
Despite the medical advances of detection, diagnosis and treatment methods throughout the past 50 years, lung cancer causes more deaths than any other cancer in both men and women. [5] Currently, lung cancer is the most common form of cancer diagnosed in the United States and a major cause of death, accounting for 14% of all cancers.
If internal visual inspection of pipes, boilers, cylinders, motors, reactors, heat exchangers, turbines, and other products with narrow, inaccessible cavities and/or channels is to be performed, then the endoscope is an important, if not an indispensable instrument. [32] In such applications they are commonly known as borescopes.
Further divisions of the segmental bronchi (1 to 6 mm in diameter) [7] are known as 4th order, 5th order, and 6th order segmental bronchi, or grouped together as subsegmental bronchi. [8] [9] Compared to the 23 number (on average) of branchings of the respiratory tree in the adult human, the mouse has only about 13 such branchings.
Visual inspection is a common method of quality control, data acquisition, and data analysis.Visual Inspection, used in maintenance of facilities, mean inspection of equipment and structures using either or all of raw human senses such as vision, hearing, touch and smell and/or any non-specialized inspection equipment.
The original published definition read as: "Any extended, finely granular pattern of pulmonary opacity within which normal anatomic details are partly obscured; from a fancied resemblance to etched or abraded glass." [23] It was again included in an updated glossary by the Fleischner Society in 2008 with a more detailed definition. [24]
MIP Display was invented for use in Nuclear Medicine by Jerold Wallis, MD, in 1988 at Washington University in St. Louis, and subsequently published in IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging. [2] In the setting of Nuclear Medicine, it was originally called MAP (Maximum Activity Projection). [3] [4]