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A deuterated drug is a small molecule medicinal product in which one or more of the hydrogen atoms in the drug molecule have been replaced by its heavier stable isotope deuterium. Because of the kinetic isotope effect , deuterium-containing drugs may have significantly lower rates of metabolism , and hence a longer half-life .
Deuterated (i.e. where all or some hydrogen atoms are replaced with deuterium) compounds are often used as internal standards in mass spectrometry. Like other isotopically labeled species, such standards improve accuracy , while often at a much lower cost than other isotopically labeled standards.
Deuterated solvents are a group of compounds where one or more hydrogen atoms are substituted by deuterium atoms. These isotopologues of common solvents are often used in nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy .
Thus a molecule that contains some deuterium will be heavier than one that contains all hydrogen. As a protein is increasingly deuterated, the molecular mass increases correspondingly. Detecting the change in the mass of a protein upon deuteration was made possible by modern protein mass spectrometry, first reported in 1991 by Katta and Chait.
In the laboratory it is produced by treating sodium hydride with deuterated water: [1] NaH + D 2 O → HD + NaOD. Hydrogen deuteride is a minor component of naturally occurring molecular hydrogen. It is one of the minor but noticeable components of the atmospheres of all the giant planets, with abundances from about 30 ppm to about 200 ppm.
A Lancet study published on 28 June 2017 carried out a review between 29 October 2014 and 19 August 2016 where 298 patients were randomly assigned to receive at least one of the following: one dose of placebo per day, one dose of deutetrabenazine 12 mg/day, one dose of deutetrabenazine 24 mg/day, or one dose of deutetrabenazine 36 mg/day.
Deuterated benzene is a common solvent used in NMR spectroscopy. It is widely used for taking spectra of organometallic compounds, which often react with the cheaper deuterated chloroform. [3] A slightly more exotic application of C 6 D 6 is in the synthesis of molecules containing a deuterated phenyl group.
Deuterated DMSO, also known as dimethyl sulfoxide-d 6, is an isotopologue of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO, (CH 3) 2 S=O)) with chemical formula ((CD 3) 2 S=O) in which the hydrogen atoms ("H") are replaced with their isotope deuterium ("D"). Deuterated DMSO is a common solvent used in NMR spectroscopy.