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Mixing of liquids occurs frequently in process engineering. The nature of liquids to blend determines the equipment used. Single-phase blending tends to involve low-shear, high-flow mixers to cause liquid engulfment, while multi-phase mixing generally requires the use of high-shear, low-flow mixers to create droplets of one liquid in laminar, turbulent or transitional flow regimes, depending ...
The time it takes for the solution to travel from the mixing point to the observation point is referred to as the "dead time." The minimum injection volume depends on the size of the mixing cell. Once enough solution has been injected to completely replace the previous one, the system reaches a stationary state, and the flow is stopped.
This is a list of unsolved problems in chemistry. Problems in chemistry are considered unsolved when an expert in the field considers it unsolved or when several experts in the field disagree about a solution to a problem.
An electronic lab notebook (also known as electronic laboratory notebook, or ELN) is a computer program designed to replace paper laboratory notebooks. Lab notebooks in general are used by scientists , engineers , and technicians to document research , experiments , and procedures performed in a laboratory.
An example batch calculation may be demonstrated here. The desired glass composition in wt% is: 67 SiO 2, 12 Na 2 O, 10 CaO, 5 Al 2 O 3, 1 K 2 O, 2 MgO, 3 B 2 O 3, and as raw materials are used sand, trona, lime, albite, orthoclase, dolomite, and borax. The formulas and molar masses of the glass and batch components are listed in the following ...
Mixing of the isotopic standard with the sample effectively "dilutes" the isotopic enrichment of the standard and this forms the basis for the isotope dilution method. Isotope dilution is classified as a method of internal standardisation , because the standard (isotopically enriched form of analyte) is added directly to the sample.
To use a separating funnel, the two phases and the mixture to be separated in solution are added through the top with the stopcock at the bottom closed. The funnel is then closed and shaken gently by inverting the funnel multiple times; if the two solutions are mixed together too vigorously emulsions will form.
Piranha solution should always be prepared by adding hydrogen peroxide to sulfuric acid slowly, never in reverse order. [5] [6] This minimises the concentration of hydrogen peroxide during the mixing process, helping to reduce instantaneous heat generation and explosion risk. Mixing the solution is an extremely exothermic process.