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Umm el-Marra V-IV: In the Early Bronze IV (c. 2350-2000 BC), the dry climate accelerated and led to the cities on the Jabbul Plain experiencing a collapse of central authority between 2200-2000 BC (4.2 ka event). Partial answers to the question, why these early centers were so brittle, may lie in the effects of sustained drought on overstressed ...
The team has been involved in a 16-year archaeological excavation at Tell Umm-el Marra, one of the first medium-sized ancient urban centres known to have popped up in western Syria.
Archaeological excavations at the site of Umm el-Marra have uncovered four inscribed clay cylinders dating to ca. 2300 BC and whose incisions have been hypothesized to be Early Alphabetic Semitic writing, which would make them the oldest such examples. [34] [35]
More recently however, four cylinder seals dating to 2400 BC and found at the site of Umm el-Marra, in present-day Syria, are incised with what is potentially the earliest known alphabetic writings in the world. The discovery suggests that the alphabet emerged 500 years earlier than previously thought, and undermines leading ideas about how it ...
Uncovered by local archaeologists in 1999, the Tell Umm el-'Amr site was active from the 4th to the 8th century and contains Christian artifacts. [3] Currently, the site consists of the monastery of Saint Hilarion; as well as religious buildings (e.g. church, cloister) and all the outbuildings necessary for the life of the monks (e.g. miscellaneous room, dormitory).
The monastery was founded in ca. 340 by Hilarion, a native of the Gaza region and one possible father of Palestinian monasticism (see also Chariton the Confessor).Hilarion had converted to Christianity in Alexandria and then, inspired by St Anthony, become a hermit first in Egypt and then in his home region.
Other tablets sealed by him were found at Alalakh, Tell Brak, Nuzi and Umm el-Marra. [ 3 ] [ 4 ] The heart of the kingdom was in the Khabur River basin where the capital Washshukanni was situated. Assyria as well as Arrapha in the east were vassal kingdoms of Mitanni.
Habuba Kabira South (also Habuba Kabira Süd), a protoliterate flat site Lower Town with the adjacent acropolis of Tell Qanas (also Tall Qannas or Tell Kannas) Upper Town. It was founded on virgin soil in the Late Uruk period and was occupied for around 120 years before being abandoned.