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Embolization refers to the passage and lodging of an embolus within the bloodstream. It may be of natural origin (pathological), in which sense it is also called embolism, for example a pulmonary embolism; or it may be artificially induced (therapeutic), as a hemostatic treatment for bleeding or as a treatment for some types of cancer by deliberately blocking blood vessels to starve the tumor ...
Encephalectomy is the removal of the brain. Endarterectomy is the removal of plaque from the lining of the artery otherwise constricted by a buildup of fatty deposits. Endoscopic thoracic sympathectomy is the burning, severing, removing or clamping parts of the sympathetic nerve trunk. Esophagectomy is the surgical removal of all or part of the ...
Radiation therapy is used to kill cancer cells; however, normal cells are also damaged in the process. Currently, therapeutic doses of radiation can be targeted to tumors with great accuracy using linear accelerators in radiation oncology; however, when irradiating using external beam radiotherapy, the beam will always need to travel through healthy tissue, and the normal liver tissue is very ...
TACE of liver tumors derives its beneficial effect by two primary mechanisms. [3] Most tumors within the liver are supplied by the proper hepatic artery, so arterial embolization preferentially interrupts the tumor's blood supply and stalls growth until neovascularization. Secondly, focused administration of chemotherapy allows for delivery of ...
1930 – First therapeutic embolization procedure (of a carotid-cavernous fistula); described by Brooks. [30] 1960s – Radioisotopes such as Yttrium-90 (Y90) started to be investigated for the use in cancer treatments. 1966 – Embolization therapy to treat tumors and spinal cord vascular malformations by blocking the blood flow.
Surgical embolectomy for massive pulmonary embolism (PE) has become a rare procedure and is often viewed as a last resort. Thrombolytic therapy has become the treatment of choice. [1] Surgical or catheter embolectomy is a procedure performed in patients with pulmonary embolism, which is a blockage of an artery in the lung caused by a blood clot.
Neurosurgery or neurological surgery, known in common parlance as brain surgery, is the medical specialty that focuses on the surgical treatment or rehabilitation of disorders which affect any portion of the nervous system including the brain, spinal cord, peripheral nervous system, and cerebrovascular system. [1]
An embolus lodging in the brain from either the heart or a carotid artery will most likely be the cause of a stroke due to ischemia. [5] An arterial embolus might originate in the heart (from a thrombus in the left atrium, following atrial fibrillation or be a septic embolus resulting from endocarditis).
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