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2. Scientific notation - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scientific_notation

   While base ten is normally used for scientific notation, powers of other bases can be used too, [25] base 2 being the next most commonly used one. For example, in base-2 scientific notation, the number 1001 b in binary (=9 d) is written as 1.001 b × 2 d 11 b or 1.001 b × 10 b 11 b using binary numbers (or shorter 1.001 × 10 11 if binary ...

3. Pascaline - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pascal's_calculator

   The Pascaline is a direct adding machine (it has no crank) so the value of a number is added to the accumulator as it is being dialed in. By moving a display bar, the operator can see either the number stored in the accumulator or the 9's complement of its value. Subtraction is performed like addition by using 9's complement arithmetic.

4. Calculator input methods - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calculator_input_methods

   The simplest example given by Thimbleby of a possible problem when using an immediate-execution calculator is 4 × (−5). As a written formula the value of this is −20 because the minus sign is intended to indicate a negative number, rather than a subtraction, and this is the way that it would be interpreted by a formula calculator.

5. Catastrophic cancellation - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catastrophic_cancellation

   Catastrophic cancellation may happen even if the difference is computed exactly, as in the example above—it is not a property of any particular kind of arithmetic like floating-point arithmetic; rather, it is inherent to subtraction, when the inputs are approximations themselves.

6. Stencil (numerical analysis) - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stencil_(numerical_analysis)

   The Crank–Nicolson stencil for a 1D problem. In mathematics, especially the areas of numerical analysis concentrating on the numerical solution of partial differential equations, a stencil is a geometric arrangement of a nodal group that relate to the point of interest by using a numerical approximation routine.

7. Reverse Polish notation - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reverse_Polish_notation

   Video: Keys pressed for calculating eight times six on a HP-32SII (employing RPN) from 1991. Reverse Polish notation (RPN), also known as reverse Łukasiewicz notation, Polish postfix notation or simply postfix notation, is a mathematical notation in which operators follow their operands, in contrast to prefix or Polish notation (PN), in which operators precede their operands.

8. Addition - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Addition

   In scientific notation, numbers are written in the form =, where is the significand and is the exponential part. Addition requires two numbers in scientific notation to be represented using the same exponential part, so that the two significands can simply be added.

9. Notation in probability and statistics - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Notation_in_probability...

   Random variables are usually written in upper case Roman letters, such as or and so on. Random variables, in this context, usually refer to something in words, such as "the height of a subject" for a continuous variable, or "the number of cars in the school car park" for a discrete variable, or "the colour of the next bicycle" for a categorical variable.