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The United States Congress responded in 1972 with the Marine Protection, Research and Sanctuaries Act which allowed for the creation of marine sanctuaries. The resources protected by U.S. national marine sanctuaries range from coral reef ecosystems in American Samoa, Florida, Hawaii, and Texas, to shipwrecks in the Great Lakes and the Atlantic ...
The Marine Protection, Research, Sanctuaries Act gives way for a national network of marine sanctuaries that are administered by NOAA. The NOAA was created in 1970 after an oil spill 30 miles of the coast of California released 235,000 gallons of crude oil into the ocean.
United States laws related to marine conservation include the 1972 Marine Mammal Protection Act, as well as the 1972 Marine Protection, Research and Sanctuaries Act, which established the National Marine Sanctuaries program. In 2010, the Scottish Parliament enacted new legislation for the protection of marine life with the Marine (Scotland) Act ...
The marine sanctuary would be largely beneficial to marine habitats that support a diversity of ecosystems within its boundaries, the environmental impact report said.
Milford Sound, New Zealand is a strict marine reserve (Category Ia).. The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) defines a protected area as: [12] [13]. A clearly defined geographical space, recognised, dedicated and managed, through legal or other effective means, to achieve the long-term conservation of nature with associated ecosystem services and cultural values.
Some of the most famous marine protected areas are the Ligurian Sea Cetacean Sanctuary along the coasts of Spain, Monaco, and Italy, and Australia's Great Barrier Reef. The largest sanctuary in the world is the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands National Monument. The purpose of these sanctuaries is to provide protection for the living and non ...
Victoria is the first jurisdiction in the world to create an entire system of highly protected Marine National Parks at the same time. [13] Additional areas are listed as Marine Parks or Marine Reserves, which provides a lower level of protection and allows activities such as commercial and recreational fishing. The marine national parks are:
A fourth sanctuary, the Chumash Heritage National Marine Sanctuary, was designated in 2024. In 1999, California adopted the Marine Life Protection Act, the first state law requiring a comprehensive, science-based MPA network. The state created the Marine Life Protection Act Initiative. MLPA established a plan to create California's statewide ...