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The term "quadrature" is a traditional term for area; the integral is geometrically interpreted as the area under the curve y = x n. Traditionally important cases are y = x 2 , the quadrature of the parabola , known in antiquity, and y = 1/ x , the quadrature of the hyperbola , whose value is a logarithm .
The quotients formed by the area of these polygons divided by the square of the circle radius can be made arbitrarily close to π as the number of polygon sides becomes large, proving that the area inside the circle of radius r is πr 2, π being defined as the ratio of the circumference to the diameter (C/d).
A mechanical device that computes area integrals is the planimeter, which measures the area of plane figures by tracing them out: this replicates integration in polar coordinates by adding a joint so that the 2-element linkage effects Green's theorem, converting the quadratic polar integral to a linear integral.
[1] [2] More than a century later, the curve was discussed by Descartes (1638), and later extensively investigated by Jacob Bernoulli, who called it Spira mirabilis, "the marvelous spiral". The logarithmic spiral is distinct from the Archimedean spiral in that the distances between the turnings of a logarithmic spiral increase in a geometric ...
Graphs of roses are composed of petals.A petal is the shape formed by the graph of a half-cycle of the sinusoid that specifies the rose. (A cycle is a portion of a sinusoid that is one period T = 2π / k long and consists of a positive half-cycle, the continuous set of points where r ≥ 0 and is T / 2 = π / k long, and a negative half-cycle is the other half where r ...
If the polar line of C with respect to a point Q is a line L, then Q is said to be a pole of L. A given line has (n−1) 2 poles (counting multiplicities etc.) where n is the degree of C. To see this, pick two points P and Q on L. The locus of points whose polar lines pass through P is the first polar of P and this is a curve of degree n−1.
Let φ 1 = 0, φ 2 = 2π; then the area of the black region (see diagram) is A 0 = a 2 π 2, which is half of the area of the circle K 0 with radius r(2π). The regions between neighboring curves (white, blue, yellow) have the same area A = 2a 2 π 2. Hence: The area between two arcs of the spiral after a full turn equals the area of the circle ...
Shoelace scheme for determining the area of a polygon with point coordinates (,),..., (,). The shoelace formula, also known as Gauss's area formula and the surveyor's formula, [1] is a mathematical algorithm to determine the area of a simple polygon whose vertices are described by their Cartesian coordinates in the plane. [2]
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