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  2. Confucius - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Confucius

    Kong He died when Confucius was three years old, and Confucius was raised by his mother Yan Zhengzai (顏徵在) in poverty. [19] His mother later died at less than 40 years of age. [ 19 ] At age 19, he married Lady Qiguan ( 亓官氏 ), and a year later the couple had their first child, their son Kong Li ( 孔鯉 ). [ 19 ]

  3. Confucianism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Confucianism

    Although Confucius claimed that he never invented anything but was only transmitting ancient knowledge (Analects 7.1), he did produce a number of new ideas. Many European and American admirers such as Voltaire and Herrlee G. Creel point to the revolutionary idea of replacing nobility of blood with nobility of virtue. [ 110 ]

  4. Confuciusornis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Confuciusornis

    In December, Hou learned about a second specimen, which had been discovered by a farmer named Yang Yushan. Both specimens were found in the same locality in Shangyuan, Beipiao . [ 5 ] [ 6 ] In 1995, these two specimens, as well as a third one, were formally described as a new genus and species of bird, Confuciusornis sanctus , by Hou and ...

  5. History of evolutionary thought - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_evolutionary...

    Evolutionary thought, the recognition that species change over time and the perceived understanding of how such processes work, has roots in antiquity. With the beginnings of modern biological taxonomy in the late 17th century, two opposed ideas influenced Western biological thinking: essentialism, the belief that every species has essential characteristics that are unalterable, a concept ...

  6. History of philosophy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_philosophy

    He referred to this arche as the apeiron, meaning "the boundless". [14] Heraclitus (c. 540–480 BCE) viewed the world as being in a state of constant flux, stating that one cannot step into the same river twice. He also emphasized the role of logos, which he saw as an underlying order governing both the inner self and the external world. [15]

  7. Great Learning - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Learning

    Cheng's idea of yi was that it was identical with nature, which he believed was essentially good. Cheng's yi emphasized the necessity of acquiring knowledge. [3] During the Southern Song Dynasty, Zhu Xi rearranged the Great Learning and included it in the Four Books, along with the Doctrine of the Mean, the Analects of Confucius and the Mencius.

  8. 'Oldest living thing' on earth discovered and it may prove ...

    www.aol.com/news/2015-02-03-the-oldest-living...

    Scientists have identified the oldest living species on Earth is a deep sea organism that hasn't evolved in more than two billion years. And, it may prove Charles Darwin's Theory of Evolution. A ...

  9. Analects - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Analects

    The fragmentary nature of the final chapter of the received Lu text has been explained by the "accretion theory", in which the text of the Analects was gradually accreted over a 230-year period, beginning with the death of Confucius and ending suddenly with the conquest of Lu in 249 BC.