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This is an accepted version of this page This is the latest accepted revision, reviewed on 8 February 2025. Process in which chromosomes are replicated and separated into two new identical nuclei For the type of cell division in sexually reproducing organisms used to produce gametes, see Meiosis. For excessive constriction of the pupils, see Miosis. For the parasitic infestation, see Myiasis ...
The list of organisms by chromosome count describes ploidy or numbers of chromosomes in the cells of various plants, animals, protists, and other living organisms.This number, along with the visual appearance of the chromosome, is known as the karyotype, [1] [2] [3] and can be found by looking at the chromosomes through a microscope.
However, in Xenopus embryos, sea urchin embryos, and Drosophila embryos, the G 1 phase is barely existent and is defined as the gap, if one exists, between the end of mitosis and the S phase. [2] G 1 phase and the other subphases of the cell cycle may be affected by limiting growth factors such as nutrient supply, temperature, and room for growth.
Stages of early mitosis in a vertebrate cell with micrographs of chromatids Metaphase (from Ancient Greek μετα- ( meta- ) beyond, above, transcending and from Ancient Greek φάσις (phásis) 'appearance') is a stage of mitosis in the eukaryotic cell cycle in which chromosomes are at their second-most condensed and coiled stage (they are ...
A cell during anaphase. Microtubules are visible in green. Stages of late M phase in a vertebrate cell. Anaphase (from Ancient Greek ἀνα-() 'back, backward' and φάσις (phásis) 'appearance') is the stage of mitosis after the process of metaphase, when replicated chromosomes are split and the newly-copied chromosomes (daughter chromatids) are moved to opposite poles of the cell.
Mitosis in an animal cell (phases ordered counter-clockwise), with G 0 labeled at left. Many mammal cells , such as this 9x H neuron , remain permanently or semipermanently in G 0 . The G 0 phase describes a cellular state outside of the replicative cell cycle .
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Prophase is the first stage of mitosis in animal cells, and the second stage of mitosis in plant cells. [10] At the start of prophase there are two identical copies of each chromosome in the cell due to replication in interphase. These copies are referred to as sister chromatids and are attached by DNA element called the centromere. [11]