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Elemental chlorine free (ECF) is a technique that uses chlorine dioxide for the bleaching of wood pulp. It does not use elemental chlorine gas during the bleaching process and prevents the formation of dioxins and dioxin-like compounds , carcinogens .
As a result, from the 1990s onwards, the use of elemental chlorine in the delignification process was substantially reduced and replaced with ECF (elemental chlorine free) and TCF (totally chlorine free) bleaching processes. In 2005, elemental chlorine was used in 19–20% of kraft pulp production globally, down from over 90% in 1990. 75% of ...
Elemental chlorine bleaching uses chlorine and hypochlorite. Elemental chlorine-free bleaching is more environmentally friendly since it eliminates the use of hypochlorite and replaces chlorine with chlorine dioxide or sodium chlorate. [3] Totally chlorine-free bleaching utilizes oxygen and hydrogen peroxide. This is the most environmentally ...
Clorox brand bleach. Bleach is the generic name for any chemical product that is used industrially or domestically to remove color from (i.e. to whiten) fabric or fiber (in a process called bleaching) or to disinfect after cleaning. It often refers specifically to a dilute solution of sodium hypochlorite, also called "liquid bleach".
Percent active chlorine in these materials ranges from 20% for bleaching powder to 70% for HTH. Potassium hypochlorite, KOCl. This was the first chlorine-based bleaching agent, which became available around 1785 under the name Eau de Javel or "Javel water". It is no longer commonly used, having been superseded by the cheaper sodium analog.
Do any atoms of chlorine or molecules of chlorine compounds remain as residue in paper bleached with the ECF (Elemental Chlorine Free) process? If so, what type(s) and how many? Badagnani 21:29, 18 March 2008 (UTC)
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Common examples include sodium hypochlorite (household bleach) and calcium hypochlorite (a component of bleaching powder, swimming pool "chlorine"). [1] The Cl-O distance in ClO − is 1.69 Å. [2] The name can also refer to esters of hypochlorous acid, namely organic compounds with a ClO– group covalently bound to the rest of the molecule.