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  2. Pivalic acid - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pivalic_acid

    Pivalic acid is prepared on a commercial scale by hydrocarboxylation of isobutene via the Koch reaction: (CH 3) 2 C=CH 2 + CO + H 2 O → (CH 3) 3 CCO 2 H. Such reactions require an acid catalyst such as hydrogen fluoride. tert-Butyl alcohol and isobutyl alcohol can also be used in place of isobutene. Globally, several million kilograms are ...

  3. Pinacolone - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinacolone

    Industrially pinacolone is made by the hydrolysis of 4,4,5-trimethyl-1,3-dioxane, which is the product of isoprene and formaldehyde via the Prins reaction. It also is generated by ketonization of pivalic acid and acetic acid or acetone over metal oxide catalysts. 3-Methylbutanal is a starting material for 2,3-dimethyl-2-butene, which in turn is ...

  4. Pivaldehyde - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pivaldehyde

    Pivaldehyde is an organic compound, more specifically an aldehyde.Shown in the image is a line-angle representation of this organic aldehyde, whose systematic name, 2,2-dimethylpropanal, is based on the longest carbon chain (three carbon atoms), ending in "-al" to indicate the aldehyde functionality, and where another descriptive synonym is trimethylacetaldehyde. [2]

  5. Koch reaction - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koch_reaction

    Standard acid catalysts are sulfuric acid or a mixture of BF 3 and HF. Although the use of acidic ionic liquids for the Koch reaction requires relatively high temperatures and pressures (8 MPa and 430 K in one 2006 study [ 9 ] ), acidic ionic solutions themselves can be reused with only a very slight decrease in yield, and the reactions can be ...

  6. Methyl pivalate - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methyl_pivalate

    Methyl pivalate is an organic compound with the formula CH 3 O 2 CC(CH 3) 3. It is a colorless liquid, the methyl ester of pivalic acid. The ester is well known for being resistant to hydrolysis to the parent acid. Hydrolysis can be effected with a solution of trimethylsilyl iodide in hot acetonitrile followed by aqueous workup. [1] [2]

  7. Protein pKa calculations - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protein_pKa_calculations

    When a protein folds, the titratable amino acids in the protein are transferred from a solution-like environment to an environment determined by the 3-dimensional structure of the protein. For example, in an unfolded protein, an aspartic acid typically is in an environment which exposes the titratable side chain to water.

  8. Acid dissociation constant - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acid_dissociation_constant

    The smaller the difference, the more the overlap. The case of citric acid is shown at the right; solutions of citric acid are buffered over the whole range of pH 2.5 to 7.5. According to Pauling's first rule, successive pK values of a given acid increase (pK a2 > pK a1). [28]

  9. Pivaloyl chloride - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pivaloyl_chloride

    It was first made by Aleksandr Butlerov in 1874 by reacting pivalic acid with phosphorus pentachloride. [ 2 ] Pivaloyl chloride is used as an input in the manufacture of some drugs, insecticides and herbicides.