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It has been a town hall since 1144, making it the oldest town hall in the world. [1] New York City Hall, the oldest continuous seat of local government in the United States, completed in 1812 [2] In local government, a city hall, town hall, civic centre (in the UK or Australia), guildhall, or municipal building (in the Philippines) is the chief ...
Urban planning, also known as town planning, city planning, regional planning, or rural planning in specific contexts, is a technical and political process that is focused on the development and design of land use and the built environment, including air, water, and the infrastructure passing into and out of urban areas, such as transportation ...
Civil townships or towns are used as subdivisions of a county in 20 states, mostly in the Northeast and Midwest. [1] Population centers may be organized into incorporated municipalities of several types, including the city, town, borough, and village. The types and nature of these municipal entities are defined by state law, and vary from state ...
Municipalities are typically much larger than the city or town after which they are named. List of municipalities of Portugal: Puerto Rico: municipio: Arecibo: none 78 municipality consists of an urban area (termed a city or town) plus all of its surrounding barrios comprising the municipality. It has a popularly elected administration and a ...
Smart city applications manage urban flows and allow for real-time responses. [15] A smart city may be more prepared to respond to challenges than one with a conventional "transactional" relationship with its citizens. [16] [17] Yet, the term is open to many interpretations. [18] Many cities have already adopted some sort of smart city technology.
Modern municipal engineering finds its origins in the 19th-century United Kingdom, following the Industrial Revolution and the growth of large industrial cities. The threat to urban populations from epidemics of waterborne diseases such as cholera and typhus led to the development of a profession devoted to "sanitary science" that later became "municipal engineering".
There is considerable overlap between requirements engineering and software architecture, as evidenced for example by a study into five industrial software architecture methods that concludes that "the inputs (goals, constraints, etc.) are usually ill-defined, and only get discovered or better understood as the architecture starts to emerge ...
The Carnegie Mellon Software Engineering Institute defines a software product line as "a set of software-intensive systems that share a common, managed set of features satisfying the specific needs of a particular market segment or mission and that are developed from a common set of core assets in a prescribed way." [3]