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In computer science, write-ahead logging (WAL) is a family of techniques for providing atomicity and durability (two of the ACID properties) in database systems. [ 1 ] A write ahead log is an append-only auxiliary disk-resident structure used for crash and transaction recovery.
A standalone command-line shell program called sqlite3 [45] is provided in SQLite's distribution. It can be used to create a database, define tables, insert and change rows, run queries and manage an SQLite database file. It also serves as an example for writing applications that use the SQLite library.
SQL was initially developed at IBM by Donald D. Chamberlin and Raymond F. Boyce after learning about the relational model from Edgar F. Codd [12] in the early 1970s. [13] This version, initially called SEQUEL (Structured English Query Language), was designed to manipulate and retrieve data stored in IBM's original quasirelational database management system, System R, which a group at IBM San ...
It's possible, for example, to name the result using CREATE [RECURSIVE] VIEW. [16] Using a CTE inside an INSERT INTO , one can populate a table with data generated from a recursive query; random data generation is possible using this technique without using any procedural statements.
To gather the necessary information for the logs, two data structures have to be maintained: the dirty page table (DPT) and the transaction table (TT). The dirty page table keeps record of all the pages that have been modified, and not yet written to disk, and the first Sequence Number that caused that page to become dirty.
The following example of a SELECT query returns a list of expensive books. The query retrieves all rows from the Book table in which the price column contains a value greater than 100.00. The result is sorted in ascending order by title. The asterisk (*) in the select list indicates that all columns of the Book table should be included in the ...
CLIs are made possible by command-line interpreters or command-line processors, which are programs that read command lines and carry out the commands. Alternatives to CLIs include GUIs (most notably desktop metaphors with a mouse pointer , such as Microsoft Windows ), text-based user interface menus (such as DOS Shell and IBM AIX SMIT ), and ...
End of line conversions: describes whether a system can adapt the end of line characters for text files such that they match the end of line style for the operating system under which it is used. The granularity of control varies.