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The Three Crowned Kings, [a] were the triumvirate of Chera, Chola and Pandya who dominated the politics of the ancient Tamil country, Tamilakam, from their three Nadu (countries) of Chola Nadu, Pandya Nadu (present day Madurai and Tirunelveli) and Chera Nadu (present day Kerala and some parts of Tamilnadu) in southern India.
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Flag Image Description Chera Dynasty: Bow and Arrow: The Chera kings had the title Villavar Kon, as the Villavar clan founded the ancient Chera Kingdom. Villavar means archer in Tamil. [6] Chola Dynasty: Pouncing Tiger: The tiger flag of Chola is mentioned in the Periya Puranam. [7] Pandya Dynasty: Twin fish
The Flag of Chola or Tiger Flag (Tamil: புலி கொடி) was used by the Tamil Chola dynasty. The Tiger or Jumping Tiger was the royal emblem of the Cholas and was depicted on coins, seals and banners. On the coins of Uttama Chola, the Chola Tiger was shown sitting between the twin fish of Pandya and the bow of Chera.
A large body of Tamil works collectively known as the Sangam (Academy) texts (c. 2nd century BCE - 3rd century CE) describes a number of Chera, Pandya and Chola rulers. [ 33 ] [ 34 ] Among them, the most important sources for the Cheras are the Pathitrupattu , the Akananuru , and the Purananuru .
There are flags with double fish or single fish as per archaeological findings and historians's illustration. [3] [4] The Pandyan twin fish engraved on a coin of Uttama Chola. 12th-century Tamil court poet Ottakoothar wrote a verse mentions about the Pandyan flag while comparing to Chola flag. [5]
The Early Pandyas of the Sangam period were one of the three main kingdoms of the Tamilakam (southern India), the other two being the Cholas, and Cheras dynasty. As with many other kingdoms around this period (earlier than 200 BCE), most of the information about the Early Pandyas come to modern historians mainly through literary sources and some epigraphic, archaeological and numismatic evidence.
Athirajendra Chola (1067–1070) Kulottunga Chola I (1071–1122) Vikkrama Chola (1118–1135) Kulottunga Chola II (1133–1150) Rajaraja Chola II (1146–1163) Rajadiraja Chola II (1163–1178) Kulottunga Chola III (1178–1218) Rajaraja Chola III (1216–1246) Rajendra Chola III (1246–1279), last of the imperial Cholas