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Sex gap in life expectancy and healthy life expectancy [1]. The male-female health survival paradox, also known as the morbidity-mortality paradox or gender paradox, is the phenomenon in which female humans experience more medical conditions and disability during their lives, but live longer than males.
For example, prostate cancer has a much higher one-year overall survival rate than pancreatic cancer, and thus has a better prognosis. Sometimes the overall survival is reported as a death rate (%) without specifying the period the % applies to (possibly one year) or the period it is averaged over (possibly five years), e.g. Obinutuzumab: A ...
2003 US mortality table, Table 1, Page 1. In actuarial science and demography, a life table (also called a mortality table or actuarial table) is a table which shows, for each age, the probability that a person of that age will die before their next birthday ("probability of death").
The five-year survival rate is a type of survival rate for estimating the prognosis of a particular disease, normally calculated from the point of diagnosis. [1] Lead time bias from earlier diagnosis can affect interpretation of the five-year survival rate.
The American Cancer Society reports 5-year relative survival rates of over 70% for women with stage 0-III breast cancer with a 5-year relative survival rate close to 100% for women with stage 0 or stage I breast cancer. The 5-year relative survival rate drops to 22% for women with stage IV breast cancer. [3]
An example of a Kaplan–Meier plot for two conditions associated with patient survival. The Kaplan–Meier estimator, [1] [2] also known as the product limit estimator, is a non-parametric statistic used to estimate the survival function from lifetime data.
The difference in life expectancy between men and women in the United States dropped from 7.8 years in 1979 to 5.3 years in 2005, with women expected to live to age 80.1 in 2005. [88] Data from the United Kingdom shows the gap in life expectancy between men and women decreasing in later life.
Because risk scores such as the Framingham Risk Score give an indication of the likely benefits of prevention, they are useful for both the individual patient and for the clinician in helping decide whether lifestyle modification and preventive medical treatment and for patient education, by identifying men and women at increased risk for future cardiovascular events.