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The English Civil War was a series of civil wars and political machinations between Royalists and Parliamentarians in the Kingdom of England [b] from 1642 to 1651. Part of the wider 1639 to 1653 Wars of the Three Kingdoms, the struggle consisted of the First English Civil War and the Second English Civil War.
A map of Reading from 1611. In August 1642, King Charles I raised his royal standard in Nottingham and declared the Earl of Essex, and by extension Parliament, to be traitors, marking the start of the First English Civil War. [1] That action had been the culmination of religious, fiscal and legislative tensions going back over fifty years. [2]
The First English Civil War took place in England and Wales from 1642 to 1646, and forms part of the 1639 to 1653 Wars of the Three Kingdoms. [ a ] An estimated 15% to 20% of adult males in England and Wales served in the military at some point between 1639 and 1653, while around 4% of the total population died from war-related causes.
7 September – First English Civil War: Siege of Portsmouth (begun on 10 August) ends with Royalists surrendering the port to Parliament. Battle of Babylon Hill in Dorset, an indecisive skirmish. 23 September – First English Civil War: Royalist victory at the Battle of Powick Bridge. [4]
The First English Civil War started in 1642. By the end of the year neither side had succeeded in gaining an advantage, although the King's advance on London was the closest Royalist forces came to threatening the city.
15 January, "An Agreement of the People of England, and the places therewith incorporated, for a secure and present peace, upon grounds of common right, freedom and safety" presented to the Rump Parliament; 20 January, The trial of Charles I of England by the High Court of Justice begins; 27 January, The death warrant of Charles I of England is ...
When the war began in August 1642, Parliamentary forces secured most of southern England, including the ports of Southampton and Dover, as well as the bulk of the Royal Navy. After capturing Portsmouth in September, they controlled every major port from Plymouth to Hull, hampering Royalist efforts to import arms and men from Europe. [1]
Map of Worcestershire in 1642. Showing the main roads, garrisons and battlefields. [a] Worcestershire was the county where the first battle and last battle of the English Civil War took place. The first battle, the Battle of Powick Bridge, fought on 23 September 1642, was a cavalry skirmish and a victory for the Royalists .