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Hafnium(IV) oxide is the inorganic compound with the formula HfO 2. Also known as hafnium dioxide or hafnia, this colourless solid is one of the most common and stable compounds of hafnium. It is an electrical insulator with a band gap of 5.3~5.7 eV. [2] Hafnium dioxide is an intermediate in some processes that give hafnium metal. Hafnium(IV ...
Schematic illustration of one reaction cycle of the ALD process, using the trimethylaluminium (TMA) -water process to make thin aluminium oxide films as (simplified) example. There, the starting surface contains hydroxyls (OH groups) as reactive sites; Step 1 is the reaction of TMA; Step 2 is a purge or evacuation step, Step 3 is the reaction ...
The white hafnium(IV) oxide (HfO 2), also known as hafnium dioxide or hafnia, with a melting point of 2,812 °C and a boiling point of roughly 5,100 °C, is very similar to zirconia, but slightly more basic. [13] It is an electrical insulator with a band gap of 5.3~5.7 eV. [15] Hafnium(IV) oxide typically adopts the same structure as zirconia ...
The Hall–Héroult process is the major industrial process for smelting aluminium. It involves dissolving aluminium oxide (alumina) (obtained most often from bauxite , aluminium 's chief ore, through the Bayer process ) in molten cryolite and electrolyzing the molten salt bath, typically in a purpose-built cell.
Hafnium-based compounds are employed in gates of transistors as insulators in the 45 nm (and below) generation of integrated circuits from Intel, IBM and others. [69] [70] Hafnium oxide-based compounds are practical high-k dielectrics, allowing reduction of the gate leakage current which improves performance at such scales. [71] [72] [73]
The hafnium nitrides are the various salts produced from combining hafnium and nitrogen. The two most important such are hafnium(III) nitride, HfN; and hafnium(IV) nitride, Hf 3 N 4 . None can be prepared from hafnium oxide , but must instead be prepared from the elemental metal or a different hafnium nitride salt; attempted nitridation of the ...
The process produces a quantity of fluoride waste: perfluorocarbons and hydrogen fluoride as gases, and sodium and aluminium fluorides and unused cryolite as particulates. This can be as small as 0.5 kg per tonne of aluminium in the best plants in 2007, up to 4 kg per tonne of aluminium in older designs in 1974.
Aluminium oxide (or aluminium(III) oxide) is a chemical compound of aluminium and oxygen with the chemical formula Al 2 O 3. It is the most commonly occurring of several aluminium oxides, and specifically identified as aluminium oxide. It is commonly called alumina and may also be called aloxide, aloxite, or alundum in various forms and ...