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[131] État de droit is one of many ways that the principle of "rule of law" is rendered in French, including: prééminence du droit, primauté du droit, principe de droit, régime de droit, règne du droit, respect de la loi, principe de légalité, or communauté de droit.
Schema showing jurisdictional dualism in the French legal system. France has a dual system of law: one system deals with private relationships, and is sometimes called "private law" (droit privé) or "ordinary law" (droit commun), and the other system which covers administrative officials, and is called "administrative law" (droit administratif).
A demarcation line roughly along the Loire River evolved, where south of the Loire the law depended on a version of customary Roman law and was known as the "land of written law" (le pays de droit écrit), whereas north of the Loire, it depended more on laws of Germanic origin and was known as the "land of customary law" (le pays de droit ...
The principle of legality of punishment and crime was identified and conceptualized in the Enlightenment.It is generally attributed to Cesare Beccaria but Montesquieu indicated that "the judges of the Nation are only the mouth that pronounces the words of the law" [b] as early as 1748, in The Spirit of the Law (French: L'Esprit des lois
The penal code project was discussed in the Parliament between 1989 and 1991. Book I was approved in 1991 and was rapidly followed by Books II, III and IV. The nouveau code pénal (new penal code, as it was initially known) was the result of several laws promulgated July 22, 1992, which took effect on March 1, 1994.
Introduction historique au droit, 2nd rev'd edn. Paris: Presses universitaires de France, 1999. ISBN 2-13-049621-0. Castaldo, André. Introduction historique au droit, 2nd edn. Paris: Dalloz, 2003. ISBN 2-247-05159-6. Rigaudière, Albert. Introduction historique à l'étude du droit et des institutions. Paris: Economica, 2001. ISBN 2-7178-4328-0.
Google Dictionary is an online dictionary service of Google that can be accessed with the "define" operator and other similar phrases [note 1] in Google Search. [2] It is also available in Google Translate and as a Google Chrome extension. The dictionary content is licensed from Oxford University Press's Oxford Languages. [3]
droit du seigneur lit. "right of the lord": the purported right of a lord in feudal times to take the virginity of one of his vassals' brides on her wedding night (in precedence to her new husband). The French term for this hypothetical custom is droit de cuissage (from cuisse: thigh). du jour