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Trade unions in Egypt first emerged at the start of the 20th century, although organised collective action in the form of strikes undertaken by workers was recorded as early as 1882. [ 2 ] : 48 The Manual Trade Workers Union was founded in 1908 under the leadership of the Egyptian Nationalist Party in 1908.
Terbutaline, sold under the brand names Bricanyl and Marex among others, is a β 2 adrenergic receptor agonist, used as a "reliever" inhaler in the management of asthma symptoms and as a tocolytic (anti-contraction medication) to delay preterm labor for up to 48 hours.
A labour strike is a work stoppage caused by the mass refusal of employees to work. This can include wildcat strikes , which are done without union authorisation, and slowdown strikes , where workers reduce their productivity while still carrying out minimal working duties.
In February 2011, workers dissatisfied with the refusal of the leadership of the ETUF to support the Arab Spring protested outside the offices of the union.. The ETUF was founded in 1957 as a state-controlled union.
The Egyptian Democratic Labour Congress (EDLC) is an independent national trade union centre formed in 2013. [1] Following the Egyptian Revolution of 2011 large numbers of independent trade unions emerged.
The Egyptian Federation of Independent Trade Unions (EFITU, also referred to as the Egyptian Independent Trade Union Federation [1]) was the first independent national trade union center to be founded following the 2011 Egyptian Revolution. Previously, independent trade unionism was illegal and almost all trade unions were under government control.
In December 2024, Egyptian authorities agreed to accelerate the divestment of state-owned companies to secure a $1.2 billion package from the IMF to improve macroeconomic stability. [ 2 ] The following is a list of key state-owned enterprises in Egypt, and a number of their subsidiaries.
Aside from accounting for workers returning from Gulf states, the agency keeps a list with the names of companies where Egyptian nationals are prohibited to work. [ 2 ] Ministers