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A high vaginal swab (HVS) is a medical procedure performed in obstetrics and gynaecology to test vaginal discharge for the presence of vaginal thrush, bacterial vaginosis and trichomonas vaginalis. [1] [2] [3] It is carried out in clean conditions, by a healthcare professional who uses a speculum to look at the cervix and vagina.
The Nugent Score is a Gram stain scoring system for vaginal swabs to diagnose bacterial vaginosis (BV).The Nugent score is calculated by assessing for the presence of large Gram-positive rods (Lactobacillus morphotypes; decrease in Lactobacillus scored as 0 to 4), small Gram-variable rods (Gardnerella vaginalis morphotypes; scored as 0 to 4), and curved Gram-variable rods (Mobiluncus spp ...
Anaerobic vaginositis, non-specific vaginitis, vaginal bacteriosis, Gardnerella vaginitis [1] Vaginal squamous cell with normal vaginal flora versus bacterial vaginosis on Pap stain . Normal vaginal flora (left) is predominantly rod-shaped Lactobacilli whereas in bacterial vaginosis (right) there is an overgrowth of bacteria which can be of ...
They involve doing a vaginal swab which is then sent to a lab. The NHS said last year it was assessing whether to roll the scheme out more widely.
A pelvic examination is the physical examination of the external and internal female pelvic organs. [1] It is frequently used in gynecology for the evaluation of symptoms affecting the female reproductive and urinary tract, such as pain, bleeding, discharge, urinary incontinence, or trauma (e.g. sexual assault).
Inoculating directly the vaginal and rectal swabs or the vaginorectal swab in a plate of an appropriate culture medium (blood agar, granada medium or chromogenic media) is possible. However, this method (bypassing the selective enrichment broth step) can lead to some false-negative results, and this approach should be taken only in addition to ...
The Javan rhino (Rhinoceros sondaicus) once roamed across many countries in Southeast Asia. Around 2,000 years ago, they were still common in many parts of China. Around 12,000 years ago, they ...
This is the most commonly used method and requires an endocervical, vaginal, or penile swab specimen for examination under a microscope. [17] The presence of one or multiple trichomonads constitutes a positive result. This method is cheap but has a low sensitivity (60–70%) often due to an inadequate sample, resulting in false negatives. [18] [19]