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  2. Sulfate attack in concrete and mortar - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sulfate_attack_in_concrete...

    Cement hydration and strength development mainly depend on two silicate phases: tricalcium silicate (C 3 S) , and dicalcium silicate (C 2 S) . [1] Upon hydration, the main reaction products are calcium silicate hydrates (C-S-H) and calcium hydroxide Ca(OH) 2, written as CH in the cement chemist notation. C-S-H is the phase playing the role of ...

  3. Mortar (masonry) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mortar_(masonry)

    Cement mortar becomes hard when it cures, resulting in a rigid aggregate structure; however, the mortar functions as a weaker component than the building blocks and serves as the sacrificial element in the masonry, because mortar is easier and less expensive to repair than the building blocks.

  4. Lime mortar - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lime_mortar

    Mortar is a mixture with cement and comes from Old French mortier ('builder's mortar, plaster; bowl for mixing') in the late 13th century and Latin mortarium ('mortar'). [7] Lime is a cement [ 8 ] which is a binder or glue that holds things together but cement is usually reserved for Portland cement.

  5. Self-healing concrete - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Self-healing_concrete

    The ancient Romans used a type of lime mortar that has been found to be self-healing. [8] The stratlingite crystals form along the interfacial zones of Roman concrete, binding the aggregate and mortar together and this process continued even after 2000 years and it was discovered by the geologist Marie Jackson and her colleagues in 2014.

  6. Engineered cementitious composite - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engineered_cementitious...

    The first self-consolidating and high-early-strength ECC patch repair was placed on Ellsworth Road Bridge over US-23 in November 2006. [ 16 ] [ 17 ] The high-early-strength ECC can achieve a compressive strength of 23.59 ± 1.40 MPa (3422.16 ± 203.33 psi) in four hours and 55.59 ± 2.17 MPa (8062.90 ± 315.03 psi) in 28 days, allowing for fast ...

  7. Concrete degradation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concrete_degradation

    Repair principles which do not improve the strength or performance of concrete beyond its original (undamaged) condition include replacement and restoration of concrete after spalling and delamination; strengthening to restore structural load-bearing capacity; and increasing resistance to physical or mechanical attack.

  8. Calcium aluminate cements - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calcium_aluminate_cements

    for some concrete components, for which a rapid strength development is required, even at low temperatures. In this case, a sufficiently high cement content and a sufficiently low water/cement ratio are mandatory to minimize any possible structural stability problems and to increase the concrete durability.

  9. Hydraulic lime - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydraulic_lime

    This contrasts with calcium hydroxide, also called slaked lime or air lime that is used to make lime mortar, the other common type of lime mortar, which sets by carbonation (re-absorbing carbon dioxide (CO 2) from the air). Hydraulic lime provides a faster initial set and higher compressive strength than air lime, and hydraulic lime will set in ...

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