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Typhoid fever, also known simply as typhoid, is a disease caused by Salmonella enterica serotype Typhi bacteria, also called Salmonella Typhi. [2] [3] Symptoms vary from mild to severe, and usually begin six to 30 days after exposure. [4] [5] Often there is a gradual onset of a high fever over several days. [4]
Outbreaks of typhoid fever are also frequently reported from sub-Saharan Africa and countries in Southeast Asia. [5] [6] [7] In the United States, about 400 cases occur each year, and 75% of these are acquired while traveling internationally. [8] [9] Historically, before the antibiotic era, the case fatality rate of typhoid
The name comes from the Greek tûphos (τῦφος), meaning 'hazy' or 'smoky' and commonly used as a word for delusion, describing the state of mind of those infected. [7] While typhoid means 'typhus-like', typhus and typhoid fever are distinct diseases caused by different types of bacteria, the latter by specific strains of Salmonella typhi. [8]
Typhoid fever causes 11 million infections and more than 100,000 deaths per year, and is most prevalent in south Asia – which accounts for 70% of the global disease burden.
1927 Montreal typhoid fever epidemic 1927 Montreal, Canada Typhoid fever: 538 [196] 1929–1930 psittacosis pandemic: 1929–1930 Worldwide Psittacosis: 100+ [197] 1937 Croydon typhoid outbreak: 1937 Croydon, United Kingdom Typhoid fever: 43 [198] 1937 Australia polio epidemic 1937 Australia Poliomyelitis: Unknown [199] 1940 Sudan yellow fever ...
An influx of Irish immigrants to New York resulted in a typhus outbreak in 1847, with 80% of the cases reported to have been contracted during the Atlantic crossing, and 20% of the cases resulting from secondary spread in the city. 147 cases were treated at the New York Hospital over a seven-week period. The mortality rate was 11%.
Health authorities in Ohio have alerted in recent days of a paediatric surge of cases of pneumonia in the state. The Warren County Health District said in a statement on Wednesday that 145 cases ...
The Typhoid Fever causes a prolonged burning fever, is debilitating, and causes death more often than not. It occurs mostly in the hot months of the year but can flare up at any time. [ 32 ] The first epidemic of the fever was located in Virginia by Reverend Robert Hunt after taking a voyage where Typhoid Fever transpired. [ 32 ]