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Cannabinol (CBN) is a mildly psychoactive phytocannabinoid that acts as a low affinity partial agonist at both CB 1 and CB 2 receptors.This activity at CB 1 and CB 2 receptors constitutes interaction of CBN with the endocannabinoid system (ECS).
[3] [4] Cannabidiol (CBD) is another major constituent of some cannabis plants. [5] Conversion of CBD to THC can occur when CBD is heated to temperatures between 250–300 °C (480 to 570°F), potentially leading to its partial transformation into THC. [6] At least 113 distinct cannabinoids have been isolated from cannabis. [7]
Acclaimed for relieving chronic pain, some researchers conclude that the evidence is insufficient to determine the effectiveness of CBD in pain relief, primarily due to the challenging access to pure CBD. [40] CBD oil is used for massage therapy as a substitute for body oil and for its health benefits. [41]
CBD shares a precursor with THC and is the main cannabinoid in CBD-dominant Cannabis strains. CBD has been shown to play a role in preventing the short-term memory loss associated with THC. [29] There is tentative evidence that CBD has an anti-psychotic effect, but research in this area is limited. [30] [24]
An equianalgesic chart is a conversion chart that lists equivalent doses of analgesics (drugs used to relieve pain). Equianalgesic charts are used for calculation of an equivalent dose (a dose which would offer an equal amount of analgesia) between different analgesics. [1]
CBD is a very low-affinity CB 1 ligand, that can nevertheless affect CB 1 receptor activity in vivo in an indirect manner, while THCV is a high-affinity CB 1 receptor ligand and potent antagonist in vitro and yet only occasionally produces effects in vivo resulting from CB 1 receptor antagonism.
CBD is a 5-HT 1A receptor agonist, which is under laboratory research to determine if it has an anxiolytic effect. [145] It is often claimed that sativa strains provide a more stimulating psychoactive high while indica strains are more sedating with a body high. [ 146 ]
The World Health Organization recommends using a two step treatment approach based on the level of pain in children. The first step explains mild pain treatment, while the second step considers moderate to severe pain. Opioids, such as morphine, is an example of a drug of choice for moderate-severe pain in children with medical illnesses. [36]