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A431 cells were established from an epidermoid carcinoma in the skin of an 85- year-old female patient. Epidermal growth factor (EGF) stimulation of A431 cells induces rapid tyrosine phosphorylation of intracellular signaling proteins which control cellular processes such as growth, proliferation and apoptosis.
The oldest and most widely used expression systems are cell-based and may be defined as the "combination of an expression vector, its cloned DNA, and the host for the vector that provide a context to allow foreign gene function in a host cell, that is, produce proteins at a high level".
These downstream signaling proteins initiate several signal transduction cascades, principally the MAPK, Akt and JNK pathways, leading to DNA synthesis and cell proliferation. [12] Such proteins modulate phenotypes such as cell migration, adhesion, and proliferation. Activation of the receptor is important for the innate immune response in ...
Signal transduction pathways activated by Ang interactions at the cellular membrane of endothelial cells produce extracellular signal-related kinase1/2 (ERK1/2) and protein kinase B/Akt. [5] Activation of these proteins leads to invasion of the basement membrane and cell proliferation associated with further angiogenesis. The most important ...
When AIRE is defective, T cells that recognize antigens normally produced by the body can exit the thymus and enter circulation. This can result in a variety of autoimmune diseases . The gene was first reported by two independent research groups Aaltonen et al. and Nagamine et al. in 1997 who were able to isolate and clone the gene from human ...
374 11839 Ensembl ENSG00000109321 ENSMUSG00000029378 UniProt P15514 P31955 RefSeq (mRNA) NM_001657 NM_009704 RefSeq (protein) NP_001648 NP_033834 Location (UCSC) Chr 4: 74.45 – 74.46 Mb Chr 5: 91.29 – 91.3 Mb PubMed search Wikidata View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse Amphiregulin, also known as AREG, is a protein synthesized as a transmembrane glycoprotein with 252 aminoacids and it is encoded ...
Activity-regulated cytoskeleton-associated protein is a plasticity protein that in humans is encoded by the ARC gene. The gene is believed to derive from a retrotransposon . [ 5 ] The protein is found in the neurons of tetrapods and other animals where it can form virus-like capsids that transport RNA between neurons.
Ferroportin-1, also known as solute carrier family 40 member 1 (SLC40A1) or iron-regulated transporter 1 (IREG1), is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SLC40A1 gene. [5] Ferroportin is a transmembrane protein that transports iron from the inside of a cell to the outside of the cell. Ferroportin is the only known iron exporter.