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Atrial fibrillation (AF, AFib or A-fib) is an abnormal heart rhythm (arrhythmia) characterized by rapid and irregular beating of the atrial chambers of the heart. [11] [12] It often begins as short periods of abnormal beating, which become longer or continuous over time. [4]
[1] [5] People with TIC may have symptoms associated with heart failure (e.g. shortness of breath or ankle swelling) and/or symptoms related to the tachycardia or arrhythmia (e.g. palpitations). [1] [2] Though atrial fibrillation is the most common cause of TIC, several tachycardias and arrhythmias have been associated with the disease. [5] [1]
Acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF) is a sudden worsening of the signs and symptoms of heart failure, which typically includes difficulty breathing , leg or feet swelling, and fatigue. [1] ADHF is a common and potentially serious cause of acute respiratory distress. The condition is caused by severe congestion of multiple organs by fluid ...
Common causes of heart failure include coronary artery disease, heart attack, high blood pressure, atrial fibrillation, valvular heart disease, excessive alcohol consumption, infection, and cardiomyopathy. [4] [6] These cause heart failure by altering the structure or the function of the heart or in some cases both. [6]
Illustration of a Normal Heart vs. Heart with Dilated Cardiomyopathy. The progression of heart failure is associated with left ventricular remodeling, which manifests as gradual increases in left ventricular end-diastolic and end-systolic volumes, wall thinning, and a change in chamber geometry to a more spherical, less elongated shape.
Cardiomyopathies are either confined to the heart or are part of a generalized systemic disorder, both often leading to cardiovascular death or progressive heart failure-related disability. Other diseases that cause heart muscle dysfunction are excluded, such as coronary artery disease , hypertension , or abnormalities of the heart valves . [ 17 ]
Valve surgery: If an enlarged heart is caused by a problem with a heart valve, surgery can remove the valve and replace it with either an artificial valve or a tissue valve from a pig, cow or deceased human donor. If blood leaks backward through a valve (valve regurgitation), the leaky valve may be surgically repaired or replaced.
A rapid, irregular rhythm might be due to atrial fibrillation, atrial flutter, or tachycardia with a variable block. [1] Supraventricular and ventricular tachycardias often cause sudden palpitations, beginning and ending rapidly. If someone can stop their palpitations with the Valsalva maneuver, it may indicate SVT. [1]
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