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A compression fracture is a collapse of a vertebra. It may be due to trauma or due to a weakening of the vertebra (compare with burst fracture). This weakening is seen in patients with osteoporosis or osteogenesis imperfecta, lytic lesions from metastatic or primary tumors, [1] or infection. [2]
Osteophytes form because of the increase in a damaged joint's surface area. This is most common from the onset of arthritis. Osteophytes usually limit joint movement and typically cause pain. [6] Osteophytes form naturally on the back of the spine as a person ages and are a clinical sign of degeneration in the spine.
In some, the x-ray findings may correspond to symptoms of back stiffness with flexion/extension or with mild back pain. [2] Back pain or stiffness may be worse in the morning. [4] Rarely, large anterior cervical spine osteophytes may affect the esophagus or the larynx and cause pain, difficulty swallowing [5] [6] or even dyspnea. [7]
Degenerative process of spondylosis such as disc bulging, osteophyte formation, and hypertrophy of the superior articular process all contributes to the narrowing of the spinal canal and intervertebral foramen, leading to compression of these spinal nerves that results in radiculopathy-related symptoms. [6]
Possible joint space narrowing (normal joint space is at least 2 mm at the superior acetabulum) [7] and osteophyte formation 2 Definite osteophyte formation with possible joint space narrowing 3 Multiple osteophytes, definite joint space narrowing, sclerosis and possible bony deformity 4 Large osteophytes, marked joint space narrowing, severe ...
Spinal cord compression is a form of myelopathy in which the spinal cord is compressed. Causes can be bone fragments from a vertebral fracture, a tumor , abscess , ruptured intervertebral disc or other lesion.
Degenerative disc disease; Other names: Degenerative disc disorder, intervertebral disc degeneration: Degenerated disc between C5 and C6 (vertebra at the top of the picture is C2), with osteophytes anteriorly (to the left) on the lower portion of the C5 and upper portion of the C6 vertebral body.
Avascular necrosis of a vertebral body after a vertebral compression fracture is called Kümmel's disease. [ 20 ] Pathology of avascular necrosis, with a photograph of a cross-section of the involved bone at top left.