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Mucoactive drugs include expectorants, mucolytics, mucoregulators, and mucokinetics. These medications are used in the treatment of respiratory diseases that are complicated by the oversecretion or inspissation of mucus. These drugs can be further categorized by their mechanism of action. [1] [2]
Mucokinetics, or mucolytics, are a class of drugs which aid in the clearance of mucus from the airways, lungs, bronchi, and trachea. Examples are carbocisteine , ambroxol , and bromhexine . Expectorants are substances claimed to make coughing easier while enhancing the production of mucus and phlegm.
Terpin, used as the hydrate (terpin·H 2 O), is an expectorant, used to loosen mucus in patients with bronchitis and related conditions. It is derived from sources such as turpentine, oregano, thyme, and eucalyptus.
Ambroxol is a drug that breaks up phlegm, used in the treatment of respiratory diseases associated with viscid or excessive mucus. Ambroxol is often administered as an active ingredient in cough syrup. It was patented in 1966 and came into medical use in 1979. [1]
Bromhexine is intended to support the body's mechanisms for clearing mucus from the respiratory tract.It is secretolytic, increasing the production of serous mucus in the respiratory tract, which makes the phlegm thinner and less viscous.
A demulcent cough drop. A demulcent (derived from the Latin: demulcere "caress") is a mucilaginous or oleaginous preparation [1] that forms a soothing protective film over a mucous membrane, relieving minor pain and inflammation of the membrane. [2]
Carbocisteine, also called carbocysteine, is a mucolytic that reduces the viscosity of sputum and so can be used to help relieve the symptoms of chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder (COPD) and bronchiectasis by allowing the sufferer to bring up sputum more easily.
Erdosteine is a molecule with mucolytic activity. Structurally it is a thioether derivative with two thioether groups. [1] These two functional organosulfur groups contained in the molecule are released following first-pass metabolism with the conversion of erdosteine into its pharmacologically active metabolite Met-I.