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Pidgin English is a non-specific name used to refer to any of the many pidgin languages derived from English. Pidgins that are spoken as first languages become creoles . English-based pidgins that became stable contact languages, and which have some documentation, include the following:
The word pidgin, formerly also spelled pigion, [9] was first applied to Chinese Pidgin English, but was later generalized to refer to any pidgin. [11] Pidgin may also be used as the specific name for local pidgins or creoles, in places where they are spoken. For example, the name of the creole language Tok Pisin derives from the English words ...
Chinese Pidgin English (also called Chinese Coastal English [1] or Pigeon English [2]) was a pidgin language lexically based on English, but influenced by a Chinese substratum. From the 17th to the 19th centuries, there was also Chinese Pidgin English spoken in Cantonese -speaking portions of China .
West African Pidgin English arose during the period of the transatlantic slave trade as a language of commerce between British and African slave traders. Portuguese merchants were the first Europeans to trade in West Africa beginning in the 15th century, and West African Pidgin English contains numerous words of Portuguese origin such as sabi ('to know'), a derivation of the Portuguese saber. [3]
West African Pidgin English, from the Guinea Coast. Kru Pidgin English; Liberian Interior Pidgin English; Nigerian Pidgin; Cameroonian Pidgin English; Asia South Asia Butler English (India)
Nigerian Pidgin, also known simply as Pidgin or Broken (Broken English) or as Naijá in scholarship, is an English-based creole language spoken as a lingua franca across Nigeria. The language is sometimes referred to as Pijin or Vernacular .
Ghanaian Pidgin English (GhaPE) [2] is a Ghanaian English-lexifier pidgin also known as Pidgin, Broken English, and Kru English (kroo brofo in Akan). GhaPE is a regional variety of West African Pidgin English [ 3 ] spoken in Ghana , predominantly in the southern capital, Accra , and surrounding towns. [ 2 ]
South Australian Pidgin English is an English-based pidgin contact language used between European settlers and Australian aborigines. It began some time around or before 1820 on Kangaroo Island, a sealing and whaling base, between the sealers and whalers and their aboriginal wives while being influenced by Nautical Jargon and Port Jackson Pidgin English (PJPE).