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Pidgin English is a non-specific name used to refer to any of the many pidgin languages derived from English. Pidgins that are spoken as first languages become creoles . English-based pidgins that became stable contact languages, and which have some documentation, include the following:
Chinese Pidgin English (also called Chinese Coastal English [1] or Pigeon English [2]) was a pidgin language lexically based on English, but influenced by a Chinese substratum. From the 17th to the 19th centuries, there was also Chinese Pidgin English spoken in Cantonese -speaking portions of China .
The word pidgin, formerly also spelled pigion, [9] was first applied to Chinese Pidgin English, but was later generalized to refer to any pidgin. [11] Pidgin may also be used as the specific name for local pidgins or creoles, in places where they are spoken. For example, the name of the creole language Tok Pisin derives from the English words ...
West African Pidgin English, from the Guinea Coast. Kru Pidgin English; Liberian Interior Pidgin English; Nigerian Pidgin; Cameroonian Pidgin English; Asia South Asia Butler English (India) Southeast Asia Thai Pidgin English; East Asia Chinese Pidgin English (in Nauru) Japanese Bamboo English; Japanese Pidgin English; Korean Bamboo English ...
West African Pidgin English arose during the period of the transatlantic slave trade as a language of commerce between British and African slave traders. Portuguese merchants were the first Europeans to trade in West Africa beginning in the 15th century, and West African Pidgin English contains numerous words of Portuguese origin such as sabi ('to know'), a derivation of the Portuguese saber. [3]
Ghanaian Pidgin English (GhaPE) [2] is a Ghanaian English-lexifier pidgin also known as Pidgin, Broken English, and Kru English (kroo brofo in Akan). GhaPE is a regional variety of West African Pidgin English [ 3 ] spoken in Ghana , predominantly in the southern capital, Accra , and surrounding towns. [ 2 ]
The earliest variety of Pidgin English to appear in British North America is AIPE. [1] AIPE was used by both Europeans and the Native Americans in the contact situation and is therefore considered to be a true pidgin. [2] A pidgin language is made up of two languages sometimes spoken by only one group. However, because AIPE was spoken by both ...
Cameroonian Pidgin English, or Cameroonian Creole (Cameroon Pidgin: Wes Cos, from West Coast), is a language variety of Cameroon. It is also known as Kamtok (from 'Cameroon-talk'). It is primarily spoken in the North West and South West English speaking regions. [2] Cameroonian Pidgin English is an English-based creole language. Approximately 5 ...