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Map showing Constantinople and its walls during the Byzantine era The Massacre of the Latins occurred in Constantinople , the capital of the Byzantine Empire , in 1182. It was a large-scale massacre of the " Latin " ( Roman Catholic ) merchants and their families, who at that time dominated the city's maritime trade and financial sector.
As the Crusades spread and reached different towns and cities, Christians stood up and attempted to protect Jewish people. In the German city of Trier, the local bishop attempted to protect the Jews. [16] The bishop was still new to the city, however, and did not have the political power necessary to band the town together.
A persecution of Christians at Kirkuk is recorded in Shapur's first decade, though most persecution happened after 341. [69] At war with the Roman emperor Constantius II ( r. 337–361 ), Shapur imposed a tax to cover the war expenditure, and Shemon Bar Sabbae , the Bishop of Seleucia-Ctesiphon , refused to collect it. [ 69 ]
While ethnic cleansing and genocide may share the same goal and methods (e.g., forced displacement), ethnic cleansing is intended to displace a persecuted population from a given territory, while genocide is intended to destroy a group. [53] [54] Some academics consider genocide to be a subset of "murderous ethnic cleansing". [55]
The Persecution of Yazidis has been ongoing since at least the 10th century. [314] [315] The Yazidi religion is regarded as devil worship by Islamists. [316] Yazidis have been persecuted by Muslim Kurdish tribes since the 10th century, [314] and they were also persecuted by the Ottoman Empire from the 17th century to the 20th century. [317]
The Persecution of Yazidis has been ongoing since at least the 10th century. [122] [123] The Yazidi religion is regarded as devil worship by Islamists. [124] Yazidis have been persecuted by Muslim Kurdish tribes since the 10th century, [122] and by the Ottoman Empire from the 17th to the 20th centuries. [125]
Their persecution was not kept secret - for instance, Abdullah Amin, brother of Hafizullah Amin, expressed anti-Hazara comments during a public speech that year. Following the Soviet Union 's intervention and creation of the Parcham government under Babrak Karmal , Hazara rights improved, and the party's constitution declared all races and ...
Once settled, communities were concentrated and isolated in a single area of a town or city. [27] This segregation facilitated state-run surveillance practices and 'crime prevention.' Following the passage of the Law for the Fight Against Gypsies, Vagrants, and the Workshy, public policy increasingly targeted the Roma on the explicit basis of race.