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  2. Tupper's self-referential formula - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tupper's_self-referential...

    Graphing the set of points (,) in < and < + which satisfy the formula, results in the following plot: [note 1] The formula is a general-purpose method of decoding a bitmap stored in the constant k {\displaystyle k} , and it could be used to draw any other image.

  3. Folium of Descartes - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Folium_of_Descartes

    The curve was first proposed and studied by René Descartes in 1638. [1] Its claim to fame lies in an incident in the development of calculus.Descartes challenged Pierre de Fermat to find the tangent line to the curve at an arbitrary point since Fermat had recently discovered a method for finding tangent lines.

  4. Log–log plot - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Log–log_plot

    The above procedure now is reversed to find the form of the function F(x) using its (assumed) known log–log plot. To find the function F, pick some fixed point (x 0, F 0), where F 0 is shorthand for F(x 0), somewhere on the straight line in the above graph, and further some other arbitrary point (x 1, F 1) on the same graph.

  5. Q-function - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Q-function

    The Q-function can be generalized to higher dimensions: [14] = (),where (,) follows the multivariate normal distribution with covariance and the threshold is of the form = for some positive vector > and positive constant >.

  6. Graph of a function - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graph_of_a_function

    Given a function: from a set X (the domain) to a set Y (the codomain), the graph of the function is the set [4] = {(, ()):}, which is a subset of the Cartesian product.In the definition of a function in terms of set theory, it is common to identify a function with its graph, although, formally, a function is formed by the triple consisting of its domain, its codomain and its graph.

  7. Graph equation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graph_equation

    In graph theory, Graph equations are equations in which the unknowns are graphs. One of the central questions of graph theory concerns the notion of isomorphism. We ask: When are two graphs the same? (i.e., graph isomorphism) The graphs in question may be expressed differently in terms of graph equations. [1]

  8. Airy function - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airy_function

    The function Ai(x) and the related function Bi(x), are linearly independent solutions to the differential equation =, known as the Airy equation or the Stokes equation. Because the solution of the linear differential equation d 2 y d x 2 − k y = 0 {\displaystyle {\frac {d^{2}y}{dx^{2}}}-ky=0} is oscillatory for k <0 and exponential for k >0 ...

  9. Convex function - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Convex_function

    Equivalently, a function is convex if its epigraph (the set of points on or above the graph of the function) is a convex set. In simple terms, a convex function graph is shaped like a cup (or a straight line like a linear function), while a concave function's graph is shaped like a cap .