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By the early 17th century the Saint-Domingue (modern day Haiti) was a slave society with the majority of the population enslaved. [1] In response to the conditions of slavery, the ideals of the French Revolution, and the disproportion amount of enslaved to free people, Haiti was the site of a slave revolt that became the Haitian Revolution.
An African slaver capturing slaves for sale African slave traders. The vast majority of the slaves in Saint-Domingue were war-captives who had lost a war with another ethnic group. Most slaves came from ethnic tension between different tribes and kingdoms, or religious wars between pagans and Muslim-pagan inter-religious wars. [20]
Despite the efforts of anti-slavery senator Charles Sumner of Massachusetts, the United States did not recognize the independence of Haiti until 1862. The Southern slave states held a majority in Congress and, afraid of encouraging slave revolts, blocked this; Haiti was quickly recognized (along with other progressive measures, such as ending ...
The 1804 Haiti massacre, also referred to as the Haitian genocide, [1] [2] [3] was carried out by Afro-Haitian soldiers, mostly former slaves, under orders from Jean-Jacques Dessalines against much of the remaining European population in Haiti, which mainly included French people.
The white-supremacist ideology that justified slavery could not accept a stable, prosperous Haiti founded by self-emancipated slaves, human-rights lawyers write. France demanded crippling payments.
Other historians say the Haitian Revolution influenced slave rebellions in the U.S. as well as in British colonies. The biggest slave revolt in U.S. history was the 1811 German Coast uprising in Louisiana. This slave rebellion was put down and the punishment the slaves received was so severe that no contemporary news reports about it exist. [152]
From its founding Haiti has been beset by violence, foreign manipulation and political upheaval. Jovenel Moïse thought he could break the mold. He couldn’t.
The aftermath of the 1791 Haitian slave rebellion was decisive, resulting in the abolition of slavery in Saint-Domingue by 1793 and paving the way for Haiti's independence from France in 1804. This was the first successful formation of a nation led by former slaves.