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The ASA scale is a linear scale, that is, a film denoted as having a film speed of 200 ASA is twice as fast as a film with 100 ASA. The ASA standard underwent a major revision in 1960 with ASA PH2.5-1960, when the method to determine film speed was refined and previously applied safety factors against under-exposure were abandoned, effectively ...
The sensitivity of a (digital or film) imaging system is typically described in the terms of the signal level that yields a threshold level of SNR. Industry standards define sensitivity in terms of the ISO film speed equivalent, using SNR thresholds (at average scene luminance) of 40:1 for "excellent" image quality and 10:1 for "acceptable ...
The telerecording film chain can be arranged to produce a direct negative-image film recording, a direct positive-image film recording, or a positive print can be made from the negative. In the first two cases we have the following four units in which local gamma or effective image contrast may be adjusted: The recording channel amplifier.
In photography, reciprocity refers to the relationship whereby the total light energy – proportional to the total exposure, the product of the light intensity and exposure time, controlled by aperture and shutter speed, respectively – determines the effect of the light on the film. That is, an increase of brightness by a certain factor is ...
The implied value (1/3.125) for the speed scaling constant given in the Exif 2.2 specification ("Exif 2.2"; JEITA 2002) differs slightly from the APEX value of / (0.2973); with the Exif value, an ISO arithmetic film speed of 100 corresponds exactly to a speed value [3] of 5.
"Bleach bypass", as used in this context, was first used in Kon Ichikawa's film Her Brother (1960). Kazuo Miyagawa, as Daiei Film's cameraman, invented bleach bypass for Ichikawa's film, [2] [3] [4] inspired by the color rendition in the original release of Moby-Dick (1956), printed using dye-transfer Technicolor, and was achieved through the use of an additional black-and-white overlay.
A schlieren photograph showing the compression in front of an unswept wing at Mach 1.2 Schlieren image of a shotshell projectile exiting a barrel. Schlieren photography is a process for photographing fluid flow.
KODAK Technical Pan Film is a black-and-white panchromatic negative film with extended red sensitivity. The 2415 Film is available in both 35 mm and 4 x 5-inch sizes; it has a dimensionally stable 4-mil (100 μm) ESTHAR-AH Base with a built-in 0.1-density dye that suppresses light piping.