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In genetics, a transcription terminator is a section of nucleic acid sequence that marks the end of a gene or operon in genomic DNA during transcription.This sequence mediates transcriptional termination by providing signals in the newly synthesized transcript RNA that trigger processes which release the transcript RNA from the transcriptional complex.
Intrinsic terminator containing an RNA hairpin rich in guanine and cytosine as well as a region high in uracil. The two types of termination signals in bacteria are intrinsic and factor-dependent terminators. [4] Intrinsic termination occurs when a specific sequence on the growing RNA strand elicits detachment of RNA polymerase from the RNA-DNA ...
Terminator hairpin (Thp) Nucleation; hairpin completion and elongation complex inactivation; elongation complex dissociation A complete mechanism is likely to involve specific interactions of the polymerase, the RNA terminator hairpin, and dT-rich template sequences.
Although most operons in DNA are Rho independent, Rho dependent termination is also essential to maintain correct transcription. [ 1 ] ρ factor The Rho protein is an RNA translocase that recognizes a cytosine -rich region of the elongating mRNA, but the exact features of the recognized sequences and how the cleaving takes place remain unknown.
An example of a cis-acting regulatory sequence is the operator in the lac operon. This DNA sequence is bound by the lac repressor, which, in turn, prevents transcription of the adjacent genes on the same DNA molecule. The lac operator is, thus, considered to "act in cis" on the regulation of the nearby genes.
By convention, if the base sequence of a single strand of DNA is given, the left end of the sequence is the 5′ end, while the right end of the sequence is the 3′ end. The strands of the double helix are anti-parallel, with one being 5′ to 3′, and the opposite strand 3′ to 5′.
This page is a subsection of the list of sequence alignment software. Multiple alignment visualization tools typically serve four purposes: Aid general understanding of large-scale DNA or protein alignments; Visualize alignments for figures and publication; Manually edit and curate automatically generated alignments; Analysis in depth
Among these genes, however, are regulators whose products allow the next set of phage genes to be expressed. One of these types of regulator is an antitermination protein. In the absence of the antitermination protein, RNA polymerase terminates at the terminator. When the antitermination protein is present, it continues past the terminator. [1]